How to set up cohesion

Asked by Huan

Hello,

I want to set up cohesion value for rMean7 which is my asphalt binder with value of 0.2MPa. I found out that I have to use this "Ip2_CohFrictMat_CohFrictMat_CohFrictPhys," but I'm confuse if I can set up cohesion value for only rMean7 to have cohesion.

##Here is my code##

import random
import math
from yade import geom, pack, utils, plot, ymport

# Define material properties
youngModulus = 1e7
poissonRatio = 0.25
density = 2700
frictionAngle =0.7

# Create material
material = O.materials.append(FrictMat(young=youngModulus, poisson=poissonRatio, density=density))
material1 = O.materials.append(FrictMat(young=youngModulus, poisson=poissonRatio, density=density, frictionAngle=frictionAngle))

# Define cylinder with funnel parameters
center = (0, 0, 0)
diameter = 0.102
height = 0.18

# create cylindrical body with radius 0.102 m and height 0.064 m
cylinder = geom.facetCylinder(center=center, radius=diameter/2, height=height, segmentsNumber=80, wallMask=6)

# assign material to each body in the cylinder
for body in cylinder:
    body.bodyMat = material

# add cylinder to simulation
O.bodies.append(cylinder)

# Define cylinder with funnel parameters
center1 = (0,0,height/2)
dBunker = 0.4
dOutput = 0.102
hBunker = 0
hOutput = 0.15
hPipe = 0

# create funnel as a bunker with diameter 0.102 m, height 0.064 m
funnel = geom.facetBunker(center=center1, dBunker=dBunker, dOutput=dOutput, hBunker=hBunker,hOutput=hOutput, hPipe=hPipe, segmentsNumber=80, wallMask=4)

# assign material to each body in the funnel
for body in funnel:
    body.bodyMat = material

# add funnel to simulation
O.bodies.append(funnel)

# define sphere parameters and number of spheres
rMean1 = (0.0125+0.019)/4
rRelFuzz1 = (0.019-0.0125)/4/rMean1
num1 = 13
rMean2 = (0.0095+0.0125)/4
rRelFuzz2 = (0.0125-0.0095)/4/rMean2
num2 = 51
rMean3 = (0.00475+0.0095)/4
rRelFuzz3 = (0.0095-0.00475)/4/rMean3
num3 = 563
rMean4 = (0.00236+0.00475)/4
rRelFuzz4 = (0.00475-0.00236)/4/rMean4
num4 = 5101
rMean5 = (0.00118+0.00236)/4
rRelFuzz5 = (0.00236-0.00118)/4/rMean4
num5 = 18369
rMean6 = 0.00118/4
num6 = 950584
rMean7 = 0.0003/4
num7 = 4003898

#create empty sphere packing
sp = pack.SpherePack()

# generate randomly sphere
sp.makeCloud((-dBunker/4,-dBunker/4,1.3*height),(dBunker/4,dBunker/4,2*height), rMean = rMean1, rRelFuzz = rRelFuzz1, num = num1)
sp.makeCloud((-dBunker/4,-dBunker/4,1.3*height),(dBunker/4,dBunker/4,2*height), rMean = rMean2, rRelFuzz = rRelFuzz2, num = num2)
sp.makeCloud((-dBunker/4,-dBunker/4,1.3*height),(dBunker/4,dBunker/4,2*height), rMean = rMean3, rRelFuzz = rRelFuzz3, num = num3)
sp.makeCloud((-dBunker/4,-dBunker/4,1.3*height),(dBunker/4,dBunker/4,2*height), rMean = rMean4, rRelFuzz = rRelFuzz4, num = num4)
sp.makeCloud((-dBunker/4,-dBunker/4,1.3*height),(dBunker/4,dBunker/4,2*height), rMean = rMean5, rRelFuzz = rRelFuzz5, num = num5)
sp.makeCloud((-dBunker/4,-dBunker/4,1.3*height),(dBunker/4,dBunker/4,2*height), rMean = rMean6, num = num6)
sp.makeCloud((-dBunker/4,-dBunker/4,1.3*height),(dBunker/4,dBunker/4,2*height), rMean = rMean7, num = num7)

# add the sphere pack to the simulation
sp.toSimulation(material = material1)

for body in O.bodies:
   if not isinstance(body.shape, Sphere):
       continue
   if body.shape.radius >= rMean1 :
       body.shape.color = (0,0,1) #blue
   if body.shape.radius <= rMean1 and body.shape.radius > rMean2:
       body.shape.color = (0,0,1) #blue
   if body.shape.radius <= rMean2 and body.shape.radius > rMean3:
       body.shape.color = (1,0,0) #red
   if body.shape.radius <= rMean3 and body.shape.radius > rMean4:
       body.shape.color = (0,1,0) #green
   if body.shape.radius <= rMean4 and body.shape.radius > rMean5:
       body.shape.color = (1,1,0) #yellow
   if body.shape.radius <= rMean5 :
       body.shape.color = (1,0,1) #magenta
   if body.shape.radius <= rMean6 :
       body.shape.color = (1,1,1) #white
   if body.shape.radius <= rMean7 :
       body.shape.color = (0,0,0) #black

O.engines = [
        ForceResetter(),
        # sphere, facet, wall
        InsertionSortCollider([Bo1_Sphere_Aabb(), Bo1_Facet_Aabb(), Bo1_Wall_Aabb()]),
        InteractionLoop(
                # the loading plate is a wall, we need to handle sphere+sphere, sphere+facet, sphere+wall
                [Ig2_Sphere_Sphere_ScGeom(), Ig2_Facet_Sphere_ScGeom(), Ig2_Wall_Sphere_ScGeom()],
                [Ip2_FrictMat_FrictMat_FrictPhys()],
                [Law2_ScGeom_FrictPhys_CundallStrack()]
        ),
        NewtonIntegrator(gravity=(0, 0, -1000), damping=0.3),
        # the label creates an automatic variable referring to this engine
        # we use it below to change its attributes from the functions called
        PyRunner(command='checkUnbalanced()', realPeriod=2, label='checker'),
]
O.dt = PWaveTimeStep()

# enable energy tracking; any simulation parts supporting it
# can create and update arbitrary energy types, which can be
# accessed as O.energy['energyName'] subsequently
O.trackEnergy = True

# the following checkUnbalanced, unloadPlate and stopUnloading functions are all called by the 'checker'
# (the last engine) one after another; this sequence defines progression of different stages of the
# simulation, as each of the functions, when the condition is satisfied, updates 'checker' to call
# the next function when it is run from within the simulation next time
# check whether the gravity deposition has already finished
# if so, add wall on the top of the packing and start the oedometric test
def checkUnbalanced():
 # at the very start, unbalanced force can be low as there is only few contacts, but it does not mean the packing is stable
 if O.iter < 25000:
  return
 # add plate at the position on the top of the packing
 # the maximum finds the z-coordinate of the top of the topmost particle
 O.bodies.append(wall(max([b.state.pos[2] + b.shape.radius for b in O.bodies if isinstance(b.shape, Sphere)]), axis=2, sense=-1))
 global plate # without this line, the plate variable would only exist inside this function
 plate = O.bodies[-1] # the last particles is the plate
 # Wall objects are "fixed" by default, i.e. not subject to forces
 # prescribing a velocity will therefore make it move at constant velocity (downwards)
 plate.state.vel = (0, 0, -0.8)
 # start plotting the data now, it was not interesting before
 O.engines = O.engines + [PyRunner(command='addPlotData()', iterPeriod=200)]
 # next time, do not call this function anymore, but the next one (unloadPlate) instead
 checker.command = 'unloadPlate()'

def unloadPlate():
 # if the force on plate exceeds maximum load, start unloading
 if abs(O.forces.f(plate.id)[2]) > 1e3:
  plate.state.vel *= -0.8
  # next time, do not call this function anymore, but the next one (stopUnloading) instead
  checker.command = 'stopUnloading()'

def stopUnloading():
    if abs(O.forces.f(plate.id)[2]) < 1e2:
        # calculate the volume of the packing
        volume_packing = sum(4/3 * math.pi * b.shape.radius**3 for b in O.bodies if isinstance(b.shape, Sphere))
        num_spheres = len([b for b in O.bodies if isinstance(b.shape,Sphere)])
        # print the number of spheres and volume of packking
        print("Number of spheres:", "{:d}".format(num_spheres))
        print("V Packing:", "{:e}".format(volume_packing))
        # print the height of the plate
        top = abs(plate.state.pos[2] + height/2)
        print("Plate height:", top)
        # calculate the volume of the cylinder
        new_volume_cylinder = math.pi * (diameter/2)**2 * top
        print("V Cylinder:", "{:e}".format(new_volume_cylinder))
        # calculate the porosity and porosity percentage
        new_porosity = (new_volume_cylinder - volume_packing) / new_volume_cylinder
        new_porosity_percent = new_porosity * 100
        print("Porosity:", "{:.2f}".format(new_porosity))
        print("Porosity:", "{:.2f}%".format(new_porosity_percent))
        # O.tags can be used to retrieve unique identifiers of the simulation
        # if running in batch, subsequent simulation would overwrite each other's output files otherwise
        # d (or description) is simulation description (composed of parameter values)
        # while the id is composed of time and process number
        plot.saveDataTxt(O.tags['d.id'] + '.txt')
        O.pause()

def addPlotData():
 if not isinstance(O.bodies[-1].shape, Wall):
  plot.addData()
  return
 Fz = O.forces.f(plate.id)[2]
 plot.addData(Fz=Fz, w=plate.state.pos[2] - plate.state.refPos[2], unbalanced=unbalancedForce(), i=O.iter)

# besides unbalanced force evolution, also plot the displacement-force diagram
plot.plots = {'i': ('unbalanced',), 'w': ('Fz',)}
plot.plot()

Question information

Language:
English Edit question
Status:
Answered
For:
Yade Edit question
Assignee:
No assignee Edit question
Last query:
Last reply:
Revision history for this message
Jérôme Duriez (jduriez) said :
#1

Hi,

Probably Ip2_CohFrictMat_CohFrictMat_CohFrictPhys.setCohesionNow could help. In combination with a careful numerical setup to have only interactions regarding this "rMean7" when you set the above to True. Playing furthermore with b.mask # b being a body
could help in that aspect (interactions are only created when b.mask are bit-compatible, see mask doc)

Revision history for this message
Jérôme Duriez (jduriez) said :
#2

Well, my previous answer was unnecessary complicated.. You just need to use different CohFrictMat instances, assigning one with non-zero cohesive properties to these "rMean7" particles and another one with zero cohesive properties for the other particles..

You also need to modify your O.engines loop to start with, if you wish to use a CohFrictMat-based contact model. Using also e.g. another Law2 in addition to the new Ip2.

Can you help with this problem?

Provide an answer of your own, or ask Huan for more information if necessary.

To post a message you must log in.