Error caused by "from builtins import range"

Hi, I ran the pasted script with Yade 2019-04-10.git-fe9bfd8.
Found no issue.
B

On Thu, 2 Apr 2020 at 21:58, mrhappy <email address hidden>
wrote:

> New question #689671 on Yade:
> https://answers.launchpad.net/yade/+question/689671
>
> Hi all,
>
> I am running the default oedometer.py file (the example file for PFV) and
> I get the following error:
>
> Running script examples_FluidCouplingPFV_oedometer.py
> Traceback (most recent call last):
> File "/usr/bin/yade", line 182, in runScript
> execfile(script,globals())
> File "examples_FluidCouplingPFV_oedometer.py", line 26, in <module>
> from builtins import range
> ImportError: No module named builtins
>
> Did anyone else experience this? Any sugeestions. If I go in my .py
> script and delete the line "from builtins import range", it does not show
> any error and it seems to work. Any one facing the same issue?
>
> Thank you so much for your help!
>
> CODE:
>
> # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
> #*************************************************************************
> # Copyright (C) 2010 by Bruno Chareyre *
> # bruno.chareyre_at_grenoble-inp.fr *
> # *
> # This program is free software; it is licensed under the terms of the *
> # GNU General Public License v2 or later. See file LICENSE for details. *
> #*************************************************************************/
>
> ## Example script for using the DEM-PFV coupling introduced with E.
> Catalano, as reported in:
> ## * [Chareyre2012a] Chareyre, B., Cortis, A., Catalano, E., Barthélemy,
> E. (2012), Pore-scale modeling of viscous flow and induced forces in dense
> sphere packings. Transport in Porous Media (92), pages 473-493. DOI
> 10.1007/s11242-011-9915-6
> ## http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11242-011-9915-6
> ## * [Catalano2014a] Catalano, E., Chareyre, B., Barthélémy, E. (2013),
> Pore-scale modeling of fluid-particles interaction and emerging
> poromechanical effects. International Journal for Numerical and Analytical
> Methods in Geomechanics. DOI 10.1002/nag.2198
> ## http://arxiv.org/pdf/1304.4895.pdf
> ## Also used in:
> ## * Tong et al.2012 (http://dx.doi.org/10.2516/ogst/2012032)
> ## * Sari et al 2011 (
> http://people.3sr-grenoble.fr/users/bchareyre/pubs/SariChareyreCatalanoPhilippeVincens_Particles2011.pdf
> )
>
>
> ## The DEM-PFV is applied here to 1D consolidation (oedometer test). The
> example includes the determination of oedometer modulus Ee and permeability
> K.
> ## The 1D consolidation is simulated as a coupled problem and the
> analytical solution corresponding to the abovementionned Ee and K is used
> for comparison.
> ## See triax-tutorial/script-session1.py for more detailed explanations of
> the packing generation procedure.
>
> ## ______________ First section, similar to
> triax-tutorial/script-session1.py _________________
> from __future__ import print_function
> from builtins import range
> from yade import pack
>
> num_spheres=1000# number of spheres
> young=1e6
> compFricDegree = 3 # initial contact friction during the confining phase
> finalFricDegree = 30 # contact friction during the deviatoric loading
> mn,mx=Vector3(0,0,0),Vector3(1,1,1) # corners of the initial packing
>
>
> O.materials.append(FrictMat(young=young,poisson=0.5,frictionAngle=radians(compFricDegree),density=2600,label='spheres'))
>
> O.materials.append(FrictMat(young=young,poisson=0.5,frictionAngle=0,density=0,label='walls'))
> walls=aabbWalls([mn,mx],thickness=0,material='walls')
> wallIds=O.bodies.append(walls)
>
> sp=pack.SpherePack()
> sp.makeCloud(mn,mx,-1,0.3333,num_spheres,False, 0.95,seed=1) #"seed" make
> the "random" generation always the same
> sp.toSimulation(material='spheres')
>
> triax=TriaxialStressController(
> maxMultiplier=1.+2e4/young, # spheres growing factor (fast growth)
> finalMaxMultiplier=1.+2e3/young, # spheres growing factor (slow
> growth)
> thickness = 0,
> stressMask = 7,
> max_vel = 0.005,
> internalCompaction=True, # If true the confining pressure is
> generated by growing particles
> )
>
> newton=NewtonIntegrator(damping=0.2)
>
> O.engines=[
> ForceResetter(),
> InsertionSortCollider([Bo1_Sphere_Aabb(),Bo1_Box_Aabb()]),
> InteractionLoop(
> [Ig2_Sphere_Sphere_ScGeom(),Ig2_Box_Sphere_ScGeom()],
> [Ip2_FrictMat_FrictMat_FrictPhys()],
> [Law2_ScGeom_FrictPhys_CundallStrack()],label="iloop"
> ),
> FlowEngine(dead=1,label="flow"),#introduced as a dead engine for
> the moment, see 2nd section
>
> GlobalStiffnessTimeStepper(active=1,timeStepUpdateInterval=100,timestepSafetyCoefficient=0.8),
> triax,
> newton
> ]
>
> triax.goal1=triax.goal2=triax.goal3=-10000
>
> while 1:
> O.run(1000, True)
> unb=unbalancedForce()
> if unb<0.001 and abs(-10000-triax.meanStress)/10000<0.001:
> break
>
> setContactFriction(radians(finalFricDegree))
>
> ## ______________ Oedometer section _________________
>
> #A. Check bulk modulus of the dry material from load/unload cycles
> triax.stressMask=2
> triax.goal1=triax.goal3=0
>
> triax.internalCompaction=False
> triax.wall_bottom_activated=False
> #load
> triax.goal2=-11000; O.run(2000,1)
> #unload
> triax.goal2=-10000; O.run(2000,1)
> #load
> triax.goal2=-11000; O.run(2000,1)
> e22=triax.strain[1]
> #unload
> triax.goal2=-10000; O.run(2000,1)
>
> e22=e22-triax.strain[1]
> modulus = 1000./abs(e22)
>
> #B. Activate flow engine and set boundary conditions in order to get
> permeability
> flow.dead=0
> flow.defTolerance=0.3
> flow.meshUpdateInterval=200
> flow.useSolver=3
> flow.permeabilityFactor=1
> flow.viscosity=10
> flow.bndCondIsPressure=[0,0,1,1,0,0]
> flow.bndCondValue=[0,0,1,0,0,0]
> flow.boundaryUseMaxMin=[0,0,0,0,0,0]
> O.dt=0.1e-3
> O.dynDt=False
>
> O.run(1,1)
> Qin = flow.getBoundaryFlux(2)
> Qout = flow.getBoundaryFlux(3)
> permeability = abs(Qin)/1.e-4 #size is one, we compute
> print("Qin=",Qin," Qout=",Qout," permeability=",permeability)
>
> #C. now the oedometer test, drained at the top, impermeable at the bottom
> plate
> flow.bndCondIsPressure=[0,0,0,1,0,0]
> flow.bndCondValue=[0,0,0,0,0,0]
> flow.updateTriangulation=True #force remeshing to reflect new BC
> immediately
> newton.damping=0
>
> #we want the theoretical value from Terzaghi's solution
> #keep in mind that we are not in an homogeneous material and the small
> strain
> #assumption is not verified => we don't expect perfect match
> #there can be also an overshoot of pressure in the very beginning due to
> dynamic effects
> Cv=permeability*modulus/1e4
> zeroTime=O.time
> zeroe22 = - triax.strain[1]
> dryFraction=0.05 #the top layer is affected by drainage on a certain
> depth, we account for it here
> drye22 = 1000/modulus*dryFraction
> wetHeight=1*(1-dryFraction)
>
> def consolidation(Tv): #see your soil mechanics handbook...
> U=1
> for k in range(50):
> M=pi/2*(2*k+1)
> U=U-2/M**2*exp(-M**2*Tv)
> return U
>
> triax.goal2=-11000
>
>
>
> from yade import plot
>
> ## a function saving variables
> def history():
>
> plot.addData(e22=-triax.strain[1]-zeroe22,e22_theory=drye22+(1-dryFraction)*consolidation((O.time-zeroTime)*Cv/wetHeight**2)*1000./modulus,t=O.time,p=flow.getPorePressure((0.5,0.1,0.5)),s22=-triax.stress(3)[1]-10000)
>
> #plot.addData(e22=-triax.strain[1],t=O.time,s22=-triax.stress(2)[1],p=flow.MeasurePorePressure((0.5,0.5,0.5)))
>
>
> O.engines=O.engines+[PyRunner(iterPeriod=200,command='history()',label='recorder')]
> ##make nice animations:
> #O.engines=O.engines+[PyRunner(iterPeriod=200,command='flow.saveVtk()')]
>
> from yade import plot
> plot.plots={'t':('e22','e22_theory',None,'s22','p')}
> plot.plot()
> O.saveTmp()
> O.timingEnabled=1
> from yade import timing
> print("starting oedometer simulation")
> O.run(200,1)
> timing.stats()
>
> print("\nPress ▶ (the start button) to see graph.\n")
>
> ## Make more steps to see the convergence to the stationnary solution
>
> --
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--
--
_______________
Bruno Chareyre
Associate Professor
ENSE³ - Grenoble INP
Lab. 3SR
BP 53
38041 Grenoble cedex 9
Tél : +33 4 56 52 86 21
________________

Email too brief?
Here's why: email charter
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Hi,

Thank you for your message. I am currentlty using Yade 2018.02b . Should I upgrade it?

I don't know. Are you using an example script coming with the same version of yade?
B

I downloaded the latest on from [1] yade-2020.01a.tar.bz2 and it is working fine now.
Thank you for your help!

[1] https://launchpad.net/yade/+download