unconsolidated undrained triaxial test

Hi all,

I have a general question, my understanding is we are modelling
"unconsolidated undrained (UU) triaxial test" through below script? is that correct ?
If yes, can we model CU ( consolidated undrained ) and CD (consolidated drained ) tests by yade as well?

Thanks for help
Seti

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#*************************************************************************
# Copyright (C) 2010 by Bruno Chareyre *
# bruno.chareyre_at_grenoble-inp.fr *
# *
# This program is free software; it is licensed under the terms of the *
# GNU General Public License v2 or later. See file LICENSE for details. *
#*************************************************************************/

## This script details the simulation of a triaxial test on sphere packings using Yade
## See the associated pdf file for detailed exercises
## the algorithms presented here have been used in published papers, namely:
## * Chareyre et al. 2002 (http://www.geosyntheticssociety.org/Resources/Archive/GI/src/V9I2/GI-V9-N2-Paper1.pdf)
## * Chareyre and Villard 2005 (https://yade-dem.org/w/images/1/1b/Chareyre&Villard2005_licensed.pdf)
## * Scholtès et al. 2009 (http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijengsci.2008.07.002)
## * Tong et al.2012 (http://dx.doi.org/10.2516/ogst/2012032)
##
## Most of the ideas were actually developped during my PhD.
## If you want to know more on micro-macro relations evaluated by triaxial simulations
## AND if you can read some french, it is here: http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/48/68/07/PDF/Thesis.pdf

from yade import pack,plot

############################################
### DEFINING VARIABLES AND MATERIALS ###
############################################

# The following 5 lines will be used later for batch execution
nRead=readParamsFromTable(
 num_spheres=1000,# number of spheres
 compFricDegree =36.28, # contact friction during the confining phase
 key='_triax_base_', # put you simulation's name here
 unknownOk=True
)
from yade.params import table

num_spheres=table.num_spheres# number of spheres
key=table.key
targetPorosity = 0.42 #the porosity we want for the packing
compFricDegree = 40# contact friction during the deviatoric loading
rate=-0.1 # loading rate (strain rate)
damp=0.3 # damping coefficient
stabilityThreshold=0.01 # we test unbalancedForce against this value in different loops (see below)
young=229e6# contact stiffness
mn,mx=Vector3(0,0,0),Vector3(0.09,0.18,0.09) # corners of the initial packing

## create materials for spheres and plates
O.materials.append(CohFrictMat(alphaKr=0.5,young=young,poisson=0.25,frictionAngle=radians(40),normalCohesion=7.5e1,shearCohesion=2.25e1,momentRotationLaw=True,etaRoll=0.001,density=2600,isCohesive=True,label='spheres'))
O.materials.append(CohFrictMat(young=young,poisson=0.25,frictionAngle=radians(40),density=0,label='walls'))

## create walls around the packing
walls=aabbWalls([mn,mx],thickness=0,material='walls')
wallIds=O.bodies.append(walls)

## use a SpherePack object to generate a random loose particles packing
sp=pack.SpherePack()

clumps=False #turn this true for the same example with clumps
if clumps:
 ## approximate mean rad of the futur dense packing for latter use
 volume = (mx[0]-mn[0])*(mx[1]-mn[1])*(mx[2]-mn[2])
 mean_rad = pow(0.09*volume/num_spheres,0.3333)
 ## define a unique clump type (we could have many, see clumpCloud documentation)
 c1=pack.SpherePack([((-0.2*mean_rad,0,0),0.5*mean_rad),((0.2*mean_rad,0,0),0.5*mean_rad)])
 ## generate positions and input them in the simulation
 sp.makeClumpCloud(mn,mx,[c1],periodic=False)
 sp.toSimulation(material='spheres')
 O.bodies.updateClumpProperties()#get more accurate clump masses/volumes/inertia
else:
 sp.makeCloud(mn,mx,-1,0.3333,num_spheres,False, 0.95,seed=1) #"seed" make the "random" generation always the same
 #sp.makeCloud(mn,mx,0.066,num_spheres) #"seed" make the "random" generation always the same
 O.bodies.append([sphere(center,rad,material='spheres') for center,rad in sp])
 #or alternatively (higher level function doing exactly the same):
 #sp.toSimulation(material='spheres')

############################
### DEFINING ENGINES ###
############################

triax=TriaxialStressController(
 ## TriaxialStressController will be used to control stress and strain. It controls particles size and plates positions.
 ## this control of boundary conditions was used for instance in http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijengsci.2008.07.002
 maxMultiplier=1.+2e4/young, # spheres growing factor (fast growth)
 finalMaxMultiplier=1.+2e3/young, # spheres growing factor (slow growth)
 thickness = 0,
 ## switch stress/strain control using a bitmask. What is a bitmask, huh?!
 ## Say x=1 if stess is controlled on x, else x=0. Same for for y and z, which are 1 or 0.
 ## Then an integer uniquely defining the combination of all these tests is: mask = x*1 + y*2 + z*4
 ## to put it differently, the mask is the integer whose binary representation is xyz, i.e.
 ## "100" (1) means "x", "110" (3) means "x and y", "111" (7) means "x and y and z", etc.
 stressMask = 7,
 internalCompaction=True, # If true the confining pressure is generated by growing particles
)

newton=NewtonIntegrator(damping=damp)
########################################
#Modified engine
##################################
O.engines=[
        ForceResetter(),
        InsertionSortCollider([Bo1_Sphere_Aabb(),Bo1_Box_Aabb()]),
        InteractionLoop(
                [Ig2_Sphere_Sphere_ScGeom(),Ig2_Box_Sphere_ScGeom()],
                [Ip2_FrictMat_FrictMat_FrictPhys(),Ip2_CohFrictMat_CohFrictMat_CohFrictPhys(label="cohesiveIp")],
  #[Ip2_CohFrictMat_CohFrictMat_CohFrictPhys(setCohesionNow=True,label="cohesiveIp")],
                [Law2_ScGeom_FrictPhys_CundallStrack(),Law2_ScGeom_CohFrictPhys_CohesionMoment(
   useIncrementalForm=True, #useIncrementalForm is turned on as we want plasticity on the contact moments
   always_use_moment_law=True, #if we want "rolling" friction even if the contact is not cohesive (or cohesion is broken), we will have to turn this true somewhere
   label='cohesiveLaw')]
  #[Law2_ScGeom_CohFrictPhys_CohesionMoment(
   #useIncrementalForm=True, #useIncrementalForm is turned on as we want plasticity on the contact moments
   #always_use_moment_law=True, #if we want "rolling" friction even if the contact is not cohesive (or cohesion is broken), we will have to turn this true somewhere
   #label='cohesiveLaw')]
        ),
        ## We will use the global stiffness of each body to determine an optimal timestep (see https://yade-dem.org/w/images/1/1b/Chareyre&Villard2005_licensed.pdf)
        GlobalStiffnessTimeStepper(active=1,timeStepUpdateInterval=100,timestepSafetyCoefficient=0.8),
        triax,
        TriaxialStateRecorder(iterPeriod=100,file='150e3,test orig 229,damp0.3,rate 0.005,NEW50,alphaKr=0.5,young229,e1e1,poisson=0.25,frictionAngle=radians(40),,etaRoll=0.025,density=2600,wall36.28,'+key),
        newton
]

##########################################################
#O.engines=[
 #ForceResetter(),
 #InsertionSortCollider([Bo1_Sphere_Aabb(),Bo1_Box_Aabb()]),
 #InteractionLoop(
  #[Ig2_Sphere_Sphere_ScGeom(),Ig2_Box_Sphere_ScGeom()],
  #[Ip2_FrictMat_FrictMat_FrictPhys()],
  #[Law2_ScGeom_FrictPhys_CundallStrack()]
 #),
 ## We will use the global stiffness of each body to determine an optimal timestep (see https://yade-dem.org/w/images/1/1b/Chareyre&Villard2005_licensed.pdf)
 #GlobalStiffnessTimeStepper(active=1,timeStepUpdateInterval=100,timestepSafetyCoefficient=0.8),
 #triax,
 #TriaxialStateRecorder(iterPeriod=100,file='WallStresses'+table.key),
 #newton
#]
#############################
#Display spheres with 2 colors for seeing rotations better
Gl1_Sphere.stripes=0
if nRead==0: yade.qt.Controller(), yade.qt.View()

## UNCOMMENT THE FOLLOWING SECTIONS ONE BY ONE
## DEPENDING ON YOUR EDITOR, IT COULD BE DONE
## BY SELECTING THE CODE BLOCKS BETWEEN THE SUBTITLES
## AND PRESSING CTRL+SHIFT+D
#if nRead==0: yade.qt.Controller(), yade.qt.View()
print 'Number of elements: ', len(O.bodies)
print 'Box Volume: ', triax.boxVolume
#######################################
### APPLYING CONFINING PRESSURE ###
#######################################

#the value of (isotropic) confining stress defines the target stress to be applied in all three directions
triax.goal1=triax.goal2=triax.goal3=-150000

#while 1:
  #O.run(1000, True)
  ##the global unbalanced force on dynamic bodies, thus excluding boundaries, which are not at equilibrium
  #unb=unbalancedForce()
  #print 'unbalanced force:',unb,' mean stress: ',triax.meanStress
  #if unb<stabilityThreshold and abs(-10000-triax.meanStress)/10000<0.001:
    #break

#O.save('confinedState'+key+'.yade.gz')
#print "### Isotropic state saved ###"

###################################################
### REACHING A SPECIFIED POROSITY PRECISELY ###
###################################################

### We will reach a prescribed value of porosity with the REFD algorithm
### (see http://dx.doi.org/10.2516/ogst/2012032 and
### http://www.geosyntheticssociety.org/Resources/Archive/GI/src/V9I2/GI-V9-N2-Paper1.pdf)

import sys #this is only for the flush() below
while triax.porosity>targetPorosity:
 ## we decrease friction value and apply it to all the bodies and contacts
 compFricDegree = 0.95*compFricDegree
 setContactFriction(radians(compFricDegree))
 print "\r Friction: ",compFricDegree," porosity:",triax.porosity,
 sys.stdout.flush()
 ## while we run steps, triax will tend to grow particles as the packing
 ## keeps shrinking as a consequence of decreasing friction. Consequently
 ## porosity will decrease
 O.run(500,1)

O.save('compactedStateBEL20,young=63.9e8'+key+'.yade.gz')
print "### Compacted state saved ###"

##############################
### DEVIATORIC LOADING ###
##############################

##We move to deviatoric loading, let us turn internal compaction off to keep particles sizes constant
triax.internalCompaction=False

## Change contact friction (remember that decreasing it would generate instantaneous instabilities)
setContactFriction(radians(finalFricDegree))

##set stress control on x and z, we will impose strain rate on y
triax.stressMask = 5
##now goal2 is the target strain rate
triax.goal2=rate
## we define the lateral stresses during the test, here the same 10kPa as for the initial confinement.
triax.goal1=-150000
triax.goal3=-150000

##we can change damping here. What is the effect in your opinion?
newton.damping=0.1

###########
##############

############
###########

##Save temporary state in live memory. This state will be reloaded from the interface with the "reload" button.
O.saveTmp()

#####################################################
### Example of how to record and plot data ###
#####################################################

#from yade import plot

### a function saving variables
def history():
   plot.addData(e11=-triax.strain[0], e22=-triax.strain[1], e33=-triax.strain[2],
        ev=-triax.strain[0]-triax.strain[1]-triax.strain[2],
      s11=-triax.stress(triax.wall_right_id)[0],
      s22=-triax.stress(triax.wall_top_id)[1],
      s33=-triax.stress(triax.wall_front_id)[2],
      i=O.iter)

if 1:
  ## include a periodic engine calling that function in the simulation loop
  O.engines=O.engines[0:5]+[PyRunner(iterPeriod=20,command='history()',label='recorder')]+O.engines[5:7]
  ##O.engines.insert(4,PyRunner(iterPeriod=20,command='history()',label='recorder'))
else:
  ## With the line above, we are recording some variables twice. We could in fact replace the previous
  ## TriaxialRecorder
  ## by our periodic engine. Uncomment the following line:
  O.engines[4]=PyRunner(iterPeriod=20,command='history()',label='recorder')

O.run(100,True)

### declare what is to plot. "None" is for separating y and y2 axis
#plot.plots={'i':('e11','e22','e33',None,'s11','s22','s33')}
### the traditional triaxial curves would be more like this:
#plot.plots={'e22':('s11','s22','s33',None,'ev')}
plot.plots={'e22':('s11','s22')}

## display on the screen (doesn't work on VMware image it seems)
plot.plot()

##### PLAY THE SIMULATION HERE WITH "PLAY" BUTTON OR WITH THE COMMAND O.run(N) #####

## In that case we can still save the data to a text file at the the end of the simulation, with:
plot.saveDataTxt('resultsBEL20,young=63.9e82222'+key)
##or even generate a script for gnuplot. Open another terminal and type "gnuplot plotScriptKEY.gnuplot:
plot.saveGnuplot('plotScriptBEL20,young=63.9e8222'+key)
rr=yade.qt.Renderer()
rr.shape=False
rr.intrPhys=True