[Triaxial test]:unbalanced force & axial stress

Asked by Geo

Dear all,
       Thank you for noticing my question. I'm a new Yade user and I'm trying a triaxial test with it. But I encounter some problems in the testing process. When I test the particles which young modulus are MPa, the result of the test is regular. But when I change the young modulus to GPa, there are some troubles.

       I conduct the test using triaxial tutorial script-session1.py and modify it a little:
       1) After generating the particles, I add 10KPa to the three directions to make the particles touch.
       2)When the particles have touched each other, they are compacted by decreasing the friction angle gradually with 10KPa confining pressure. After this procedure, a sample with specific porosity is got.
       3) Adding the required confining pressure 0.8MPa till the unbalanced force<0.01.
       4) Loading the deviatoric stress by controlling the axial strain, its rate is -0.02.

        When I change the particles' young modulus to GPa, there are some problems:
        1)When the confining pressure 10KPa is added, the particles in the packing decrease. Maybe the packing has exploded?
        2) I increase the stress from 0.5KPa to 10KPa gradually, decrease the time step as:

                timestepSafetyCoefficient=0.1(before, it is 0.8)

              triax.goal1=triax.goal2=triax.goal3=-500
              while 1:
                   O.run(3000, True)
                   unb=unbalancedForce()
                   print 'unbalanced force:',unb,' mean stress: ',triax.meanStress
                   if unb<stabilityThreshold and abs(-500-triax.meanStress)/500<0.1:
                       break
                                     ....... .......
               triax.goal1=triax.goal2=triax.goal3=-10000
               while 1:
                       O.run(3000, True)
                       unb=unbalancedForce()
                       print 'unbalanced force:',unb,' mean stress: ',triax.meanStress
                       if unb<stabilityThreshold and abs(-10000-triax.meanStress)/10000<0.1:
                             break
The specimen is compacted and the particles doesn't disappear. It is defective that the unbalanced force can't <0.01, increasing the damping is no use. I increase the max unbalanced force to 0.03, the script can just continue. But when I load the deviatoric stress by controlling strain rate=-0.02, the axial stress is decreasing gradually from 0.8MPa even to 0.4MPa.(The confining pressure is 0.8MPa.) And when deviatoric loading, I can see the obviously moving of the particles.

       Thanks again!

Sincerely Geo

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mohsen (agha-mohsena) said :
#1

In the name of god
Hi Geo

> 1)When the confining pressure 10KPa is added, the particles in the packing decrease. Maybe the packing has exploded?
This could be True. by increasing E, stiffness would be larger and leads to lower critical time step (see [1] equation 13). and because of this by decreasing dt the simulation continues!

>The specimen is compacted and the particles doesn't disappear. It is defective that the unbalanced force can't <0.01, >increasing the damping is no use. I increase the max unbalanced force to 0.03, the script can just continue. But when I >load the deviatoric stress by controlling strain rate=-0.02, the axial stress is decreasing gradually from 0.8MPa even to >0.4MPa.(The confining pressure is 0.8MPa.) And when deviatoric loading, I can see the obviously moving of the particles.

That is right. when you increase stability threshold (from 0.01 to 0.03), in the beginning of loading phase, there would be a decrease in dedicator stress. if you wait after several iterations (depending on your simulation may be from order of 1000) again dedicator stress increases. Therefore:
1- try do your simulation with max unbalanced force=0.01. may this takes along to get 0.01but finally it would reach it
2- max unbalanced force depends on your material, number and shape of particles, ... .

[1]: https://yade-dem.org/doc/formulation.html

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Geo (353048099-c) said :
#2

Hi mohsen,
     I'm so sorry to response to you so late. Because I had several trials before the feedback. Thanks for your advice, it is very helpful. The biggest problem is that the specimen doesn't meet specified stress internally. So I request the iso-compression for more time. The problem is solved.

     One more question. 'max unbalanced force depends on your material, number and shape of particles, ... .', are there some articles to introduce it? And if I want to put a circle measurement in the specimen, can it be realised by YADE?

      Thanks again.

Geo