Ubuntu
yelp package

extra boot kernel version appearance while booting up

Asked by Laxman

Hi,
I upgraded my system from ubuntu 9.o4 to 9.10. There is Windows Xp installed too. While booting, a screen appears showing the following:

Ubuntu 9.10, kernel 2.6.31-17-generic
Ubuntu 9.10, kernel 2.6.31-17-generic(recovery mode)
Ubuntu 9.10, kernel 2.6.28-17-generic
Ubuntu 9.10, kernel 2.6.28-17-generic(recovery mode)
Ubuntu 9.10, memtest 86+
Other operating systems:
Microsoft Windows Xp Professional

use the up and down keys to select which entry is highlighted. Press enter to boot the selected OS, 'e' to edit the commands before booting, or 'c' for a command line.

Now
i am unable to understand why the two lines viz
Ubuntu 9.10, kernel 2.6.28-17-generic
Ubuntu 9.10, kernel 2.6.28-17-generic(recovery mode)
appeare and what is the use of these two versions. Are these not taking extra space of hard disk?
How to remove this?
With thanks

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Revision history for this message
wojox (wojox) said : 		#1

You have two different kernels. Which is standard by default. I always leave two in case the most current acts up. Their note taking up a considerable amount of space. Not until you have four or five in there.

Revision history for this message
Laxman (laxman6781) said : 		#2

Ok,
Thank u for valuable information. But r the two different kernels needed? Can't we improve it?

Revision history for this message
actionparsnip (andrew-woodhead666) said : 		#3

Old kernels will always stay on the system until they are removed. I have seen systems with 10 and more kernels and yes they do take up space (~120Mb per kernel + modules)

You can remove the other kernel if it is useless to you by running:

sudo apt-get --purge remove linux-image-2.6.28-17-generic; sudo apt-get --purge autoremove

This will also remove the item from Grub for you as part of the post removal script.

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