"No Sound" Issue - Dummy Output, using Envy24 Sound Card

Sound was working successfully before I restarted my computer last night. After installing Open Sound System, the system recognized my Envy24 sound card and sound was playing from both speakers last night. Today, I logged onto my Ubuntu 16.04 with no sound icon in the tray, no sound playing from any speaker, and no ALSA mixer, even when typing "alsamixer" into the Terminal.

I should let you know that I'm super new to Ubuntu (trying to switch from Windows to Ubuntu)

My computer is also dual booted with Windows 7, which is loaded onto a hard drive separate from my Ubuntu OS.

I navigated to https://help.ubuntu.com/community/SoundTroubleshootingProcedure
and followed its instructions up to this point. The terminal output it instructed me to post is here:

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ayman@ayman-A770E3:~$ wget -O alsa-info.sh http://www.alsa-project.org/alsa-info.sh && chmod +x ./alsa-info.sh && ./alsa-info.sh
--2017-02-10 23:47:59-- http://www.alsa-project.org/alsa-info.sh
Resolving www.alsa-project.org (www.alsa-project.org)... 77.48.224.243
Connecting to www.alsa-project.org (www.alsa-project.org)|77.48.224.243|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 302 Found
Location: http://git.alsa-project.org/?p=alsa-utils.git;a=blob_plain;f=alsa-info/alsa-info.sh [following]
--2017-02-10 23:48:00-- http://git.alsa-project.org/?p=alsa-utils.git;a=blob_plain;f=alsa-info/alsa-info.sh
Resolving git.alsa-project.org (git.alsa-project.org)... 77.48.224.243
Connecting to git.alsa-project.org (git.alsa-project.org)|77.48.224.243|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: unspecified [application/x-sh]
Saving to: ‘alsa-info.sh’

alsa-info.sh [ <=> ] 28.03K 150KB/s in 0.2s

2017-02-10 23:48:01 (150 KB/s) - ‘alsa-info.sh’ saved [28707]

ALSA Information Script v 0.4.64
--------------------------------

This script visits the following commands/files to collect diagnostic
information about your ALSA installation and sound related hardware.

  dmesg
  lspci
  lsmod
  aplay
  amixer
  alsactl
  /proc/asound/
  /sys/class/sound/
  ~/.asoundrc (etc.)

See './alsa-info.sh --help' for command line options.

cat: /proc/asound/version: No such file or directory
grep: /proc/asound/cards: No such file or directory
cat: /proc/asound/cards: No such file or directory
cat: /proc/asound/modules: No such file or directory
grep: /proc/asound/cards: No such file or directory
/usr/sbin/alsactl: save_state:1595: No soundcards found...
cat: /tmp/alsa-info.O5pHFx93P8/alsactl.tmp: No such file or directory
Automatically upload ALSA information to www.alsa-project.org? [y/N] : y
Uploading information to www.alsa-project.org ... Done!

Your ALSA information is located at http://www.alsa-project.org/db/?f=ff0cec7a62d83a013c54ca60673d93ea2a00e71a

Please inform the person helping you.

ayman@ayman-A770E3:~$ alsamixer
cannot open mixer: No such file or directory
ayman@ayman-A770E3:~$ ^C
ayman@ayman-A770E3:~$

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Any help with this issue would be greatly appreciated!

-Ayman