no sound output device in ubuntu 16.04

I have just installed ubuntu 16.04 and I have no sound. I actually don't have any output device, not even the dummy output. I tried to follow the instructions in SoundTroubleshootingProcedure but nothing worked. The kernel is K4.4.0-22 generic and the library and utilities versions are both 1.1.0. I want to generate analog sound output via desktop speakers.

Practically solved it!!!

In the terminal I gave the command gnome-alsamixer (instead of plain alsamixer) and the output sound was muted so I just changed it manually. However I still notice some strange behavior:

1. In my system setting --> sound I still have no "play sound through" device listed in the box!!!!
2. Every time I reboot the sound returns to mute. I had to lock the gnome alsamixer to the launcher and unmute it manually, everytime.