removing kernel linux-image-6.2.0-1014-lowlatency not possible, blocking all apt install and apt upgrade commands

Thank you for taking the time to report this bug and helping to make Ubuntu better.

Bug reporting is about finding & fixing problems thus preventing future users from hitting the same bug.

I suspect a Support site would be more appropriate, eg. https://answers.launchpad.net/ubuntu. You can also find help with your problem in the support forum of your local Ubuntu community http://loco.ubuntu.com/ or asking at https://askubuntu.com or https://ubuntuforums.org, or for more support options please look at https://discourse.ubuntu.com/t/community-support/709.

For diagnostic purposes, what is the output of the following commands (to be executed in a terminal window):

uname -a
lsb_release -crid
sudo update-grub
sudo apt update
dpkg -l | grep ' linux-'
apt policy ubuntustudio-lowlatency-settings

uname -a:
Linux eddie 6.2.0-1015-lowlatency #15-Ubuntu SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Fri Oct 6 10:04:59 UTC 2023 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

lsb_release -crid:
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description: Ubuntu 23.10
Release: 23.10
Codename: mantic

sudo update-grub:
Sourcing file `/etc/default/grub'
Generating grub configuration file ...
/etc/grub.d/09_lowlatency: 1: version_find_latest: not found

sudo apt update:
OK:1 https://dl.winehq.org/wine-builds/ubuntu kinetic InRelease
Holen:2 https://updates.signal.org/desktop/apt xenial InRelease [5.887 B]
Holen:3 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu mantic-security InRelease [109 kB]
Holen:4 https://updates.signal.org/desktop/apt xenial/main amd64 Packages [44,4 kB]
Holen:5 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu mantic-security/main i386 Packages [16,1 kB]
Holen:6 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu mantic-security/main amd64 Packages [38,0 kB]
Holen:7 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu mantic-security/main Translation-en [12,2 kB]
Holen:8 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu mantic-security/main amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [2.372 B]
Holen:9 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu mantic-security/main DEP-11 48x48 Icons [587 B]
Holen:10 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu mantic-security/main DEP-11 64x64 Icons [3.678 B]
Holen:11 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu mantic-security/main DEP-11 128x128 Icons [7.414 B]
Holen:12 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu mantic-security/main amd64 c-n-f Metadata [964 B]
Holen:13 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu mantic-security/restricted amd64 Packages [32,5 kB]
Holen:14 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu mantic-security/restricted Translation-en [7.068 B]
Holen:15 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu mantic-security/universe amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [3.860 B]
OK:16 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu mantic InRelease
Holen:17 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu mantic-security/universe DEP-11 48x48 Icons [4.111 B]
Holen:18 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu mantic-updates InRelease [109 kB]
Holen:19 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu mantic-security/universe DEP-11 64x64 Icons [8.636 B]
Holen:20 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu mantic-security/universe DEP-11 128x128 Icons [18,6 kB]
Holen:21 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu mantic-security/universe amd64 c-n-f Metadata [648 B]
OK:22 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu mantic-backports InRelease
Holen:23 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu mantic-updates/main i386 Packages [18,5 kB]
Holen:24 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu mantic-updates/main amd64 Packages [40,9 kB]
Holen:25 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu mantic-updates/main Translation-en [14,2 kB]
Holen:26 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu mantic-updates/main amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [2.376 B]
Holen:27 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu mantic-updates/main DEP-11 48x48 Icons [587 B]
Holen:28 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu mantic-updates/main DEP-11 64x64 Icons [3.678 B]
Holen:29 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu mantic-updates/main DEP-11 128x128 Icons [7.414 B]
Holen:30 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu mantic-updates/main amd64 c-n-f Metadata [1.048 B]
Holen:31 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu mantic-updates/universe amd64 Packages [15,7 kB]
Holen:32 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu mantic-updates/universe i386 Packages [5.812 B]
Holen:33 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu mantic-updates/universe Translation-en [6.600 B]
Holen:34 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu mantic-updates/universe amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [3.864 B]
Holen:35 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu mantic-updates/universe DEP-11 48x48 Icons [4.111 B]
Holen:36 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu mantic-updates/universe DEP-11 64x64 Icons [8.636 B]
Holen:37 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu mantic-updates/universe DEP-11 128x128 Icons [18,6 kB]
Holen:38 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu mantic-updates/universe amd64 c-n-f Metadata [684 B]
Es wurden 577 kB in 2 s geholt (306 kB/s).
Paketlisten werden gelesen… Fertig
Abhängigkeitsbaum wird aufgebaut… Fertig
Statusinformationen werden eingelesen… Fertig
Aktualisierung für 22 Pakete verfügbar. Führen Sie »apt list --upgradable« aus, um sie anzuzeigen.

dpkg l | grep ' linux-'
ii ladspa-sdk 1.17-1 amd64 sample tools for linux-audio-dev plugin architecture
ii linux-base 4.5ubuntu9 all Linux image base package
ii linux-firmware 20230919.git3672ccab-0ubuntu2.1 amd64 Firmware for Linux kernel drivers
ii linux-headers-6.2.0-1014-lowlatency 6.2.0-1014.14 amd64 Linux kernel headers for version 6.2.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-headers-6.2.0-1015-lowlatency 6.2.0-1015.15 amd64 Linux kernel headers for version 6.2.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-headers-6.2.0-35 6.2.0-35.35 all Header files related to Linux kernel version 6.2.0
ii linux-headers-6.5.0-9 6.5.0-9.9 all Header files related to Linux kernel version 6.5.0
ii linux-headers-6.5.0-9-generic 6.5.0-9.9 amd64 Linux kernel headers for version 6.5.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-headers-6.5.0-9-lowlatency 6.5.0-9.9.1 amd64 Linux kernel headers for version 6.5.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-headers-generic 6.5.0.9.11 amd64 Generic Linux kernel headers
ii linux-headers-lowlatency 6.5.0.9.9.9 amd64 lowlatency Linux kernel headers
rc linux-image-5.19.0-1007-lowlatency 5.19.0-1007.7 amd64 Signed kernel image lowlatency
rc linux-image-5.19.0-1012-lowlatency 5.19.0-1012.13 amd64 Signed kernel image lowlatency
rc linux-image-5.19.0-1014-lowlatency 5.19.0-1014.15 amd64 Signed kernel image lowlatency
rc linux-image-5.19.0-1015-lowlatency 5.19.0-1015.16 amd64 Signed kernel image lowlatency
rc linux-image-5.19.0-1017-lowlatency 5.19.0-1017.18 amd64 Signed kernel image lowlatency
rc linux-image-5.19.0-1018-lowlatency 5.19.0-1018.19 amd64 Signed kernel image lowlatency
rc linux-image-5.19.0-1022-lowlatency 5.19.0-1022.23 amd64 Signed kernel image lowlatency
rc linux-image-6.2.0-1003-lowlatency 6.2.0-1003.3 amd64 Signed kernel image lowlatency
rc linux-image-6.2.0-1005-lowlatency 6.2.0-1005.5 amd64 Signed kernel image lowlatency
rc linux-image-6.2.0-1007-lowlatency 6.2.0-1007.7 amd64 Signed kernel image lowlatency
rc linux-image-6.2.0-1008-lowlatency 6.2.0-1008.8 amd64 Signed kernel image lowlatency
rc linux-image-6.2.0-1009-lowlatency 6.2.0-1009.9 amd64 Signed kernel image lowlatency
rc linux-image-6.2.0-1010-lowlatency 6.2.0-1010.10 amd64 Signed kernel image lowlatency
rc linux-image-6.2.0-1011-lowlatency 6.2.0-1011.11 amd64 Signed kernel image lowlatency
rc linux-image-6.2.0-1012-lowlatency 6.2.0-1012.12 amd64 Signed kernel image lowlatency
rc linux-image-6.2.0-1013-lowlatency 6.2.0-1013.13 amd64 Signed kernel image lowlatency
rH linux-image-6.2.0-1014-lowlatency 6.2.0-1014.14 amd64 Signed kernel image lowlatency
ii linux-image-6.2.0-1015-lowlatency 6.2.0-1015.15 amd64 Signed kernel image lowlatency
iF linux-image-6.5.0-9-lowlatency 6.5.0-9.9.1 amd64 Signed kernel image lowlatency
ii linux-image-lowlatency 6.5.0.9.9.9 amd64 lowlatency Linux kernel image
ii linux-libc-dev:amd64 6.5.0-9.9 amd64 Linux Kernel Headers for development
ii linux-lowlatency 6.5.0.9.9.9 amd64 Complete lowlatency Linux kernel
ii linux-lowlatency-headers-6.2.0-1014 6.2.0-1014.14 all Header files related to Linux kernel version 6.2.0
ii linux-lowlatency-headers-6.2.0-1015 6.2.0-1015.15 all Header files related to Linux kernel version 6.2.0
ii linux-lowlatency-headers-6.5.0-9 6.5.0-9.9.1 all Header files related to Linux kernel version 6.5.0
rc linux-modules-5.19.0-1007-lowlatency 5.19.0-1007.7 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 5.19.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-modules-5.19.0-1012-lowlatency 5.19.0-1012.13 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 5.19.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-modules-5.19.0-1014-lowlatency 5.19.0-1014.15 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 5.19.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-modules-5.19.0-1015-lowlatency 5.19.0-1015.16 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 5.19.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-modules-5.19.0-1017-lowlatency 5.19.0-1017.18 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 5.19.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-modules-5.19.0-1018-lowlatency 5.19.0-1018.19 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 5.19.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-modules-5.19.0-1022-lowlatency 5.19.0-1022.23 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 5.19.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-modules-6.2.0-1003-lowlatency 6.2.0-1003.3 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 6.2.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-modules-6.2.0-1005-lowlatency 6.2.0-1005.5 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 6.2.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-modules-6.2.0-1007-lowlatency 6.2.0-1007.7 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 6.2.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-modules-6.2.0-1008-lowlatency 6.2.0-1008.8 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 6.2.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-modules-6.2.0-1009-lowlatency 6.2.0-1009.9 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 6.2.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-modules-6.2.0-1010-lowlatency 6.2.0-1010.10 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 6.2.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-modules-6.2.0-1011-lowlatency 6.2.0-1011.11 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 6.2.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-modules-6.2.0-1012-lowlatency 6.2.0-1012.12 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 6.2.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-modules-6.2.0-1013-lowlatency 6.2.0-1013.13 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 6.2.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-modules-6.2.0-1014-lowlatency 6.2.0-1014.14 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 6.2.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-modules-6.2.0-1015-lowlatency 6.2.0-1015.15 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 6.2.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-modules-6.5.0-9-lowlatency 6.5.0-9.9.1 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 6.5.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-sound-base 1.0.25+dfsg-0ubuntu7 all base package for ALSA and OSS sound systems

apt policy ubuntustudio-lowlatency-settings:
ubuntustudio-lowlatency-settings:
  Installiert: (keine)
  Installationskandidat: 23.10.15
  Versionstabelle:
     23.10.15 500
        500 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu mantic/universe amd64 Packages
        500 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu mantic/universe i386 Packages
     22.10.6 -1
        100 /var/lib/dpkg/status

What output do you receive for

cat -n /etc/grub.d/09_lowlatency
sudo dpkg --audit
sudo dpkg --configure -a

cat -n /etc/grub.d/09_lowlatency:
     1 #! /bin/sh
     2 set -e
     3
     4 # grub-mkconfig helper script.
     5 # Copyright (C) 2006,2007,2008,2009,2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
     6 #
     7 # GRUB is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
     8 # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
     9 # the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
    10 # (at your option) any later version.
    11 #
    12 # GRUB is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
    13 # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
    14 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
    15 # GNU General Public License for more details.
    16 #
    17 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
    18 # along with GRUB. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
    19 #
    20 # Ubuntustudio customization that keeps the latest lowlatency kernel
    21 # as the first menu item and default boot even if there is a newer
    22 # generic or other kernel. Often the updated generic kernel is
    23 # released a few days earlier than the lowlatency kernel
    24
    25 prefix="/usr"
    26 exec_prefix="/usr"
    27 datarootdir="/usr/share"
    28 ubuntu_recovery="1"
    29 quiet_boot="1"
    30 quick_boot="1"
    31 gfxpayload_dynamic="1"
    32 vt_handoff="1"
    33
    34 . "$pkgdatadir/grub-mkconfig_lib"
    35
    36 export TEXTDOMAIN=grub
    37 export TEXTDOMAINDIR="${datarootdir}/locale"
    38
    39 # only 09_lowlatency or 10_linux should run, since we got this far
    40 # 10_linux should not run next
    41 if [ -x /etc/grub.d/10_linux ]; then
    42 chmod -x /etc/grub.d/10_linux
    43 fi
    44
    45 CLASS="--class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os"
    46 SUPPORTED_INITS="sysvinit:/lib/sysvinit/init systemd:/lib/systemd/systemd upstart:/sbin/upstart"
    47
    48 if [ "x${GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR}" = "x" ] ; then
    49 OS=GNU/Linux
    50 else
    51 case ${GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR} in
    52 Ubuntu|Kubuntu)
    53 OS="${GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR}"
    54 ;;
    55 *)
    56 OS="${GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR} GNU/Linux"
    57 ;;
    58 esac
    59 CLASS="--class $(echo ${GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR} | tr 'A-Z' 'a-z' | cut -d' ' -f1|LC_ALL=C sed 's,[^[:alnum:]_],_,g') ${CLASS}"
    60 fi
    61
    62 # loop-AES arranges things so that /dev/loop/X can be our root device, but
    63 # the initrds that Linux uses don't like that.
    64 case ${GRUB_DEVICE} in
    65 /dev/loop/*|/dev/loop[0-9])
    66 GRUB_DEVICE=`losetup ${GRUB_DEVICE} | sed -e "s/^[^(]*(\([^)]\+\)).*/\1/"`
    67 # We can't cope with devices loop-mounted from files here.
    68 case ${GRUB_DEVICE} in
    69 /dev/*) ;;
    70 *) exit 0 ;;
    71 esac
    72 ;;
    73 esac
    74
    75 # btrfs may reside on multiple devices. We cannot pass them as value of root= parameter
    76 # and mounting btrfs requires user space scanning, so force UUID in this case.
    77 if [ "x${GRUB_DEVICE_UUID}" = "x" ] || [ "x${GRUB_DISABLE_LINUX_UUID}" = "xtrue" ] \
    78 || ! test -e "/dev/disk/by-uuid/${GRUB_DEVICE_UUID}" \
    79 || ( test -e "${GRUB_DEVICE}" && uses_abstraction "${GRUB_DEVICE}" lvm ); then
    80 LINUX_ROOT_DEVICE=${GRUB_DEVICE}
    81 else
    82 LINUX_ROOT_DEVICE=UUID=${GRUB_DEVICE_UUID}
    83 fi
    84
    85 case x"$GRUB_FS" in
    86 xbtrfs)
    87 rootsubvol="`make_system_path_relative_to_its_root /`"
    88 rootsubvol="${rootsubvol#/}"
    89 if [ "x${rootsubvol}" != x ]; then
    90 GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="rootflags=subvol=${rootsubvol} threadirqs ${GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX}"
    91 fi;;
    92 xzfs)
    93 rpool=`${grub_probe} --device ${GRUB_DEVICE} --target=fs_label 2>/dev/null || true`
    94 bootfs="`make_system_path_relative_to_its_root / | sed -e "s,@$,,"`"
    95 LINUX_ROOT_DEVICE="ZFS=${rpool}${bootfs%/}"
    96 ;;
    97 esac
    98
    99 title_correction_code=
   100
   101 if [ -x /lib/recovery-mode/recovery-menu ]; then
   102 GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_RECOVERY=recovery
   103 else
   104 GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_RECOVERY=single
   105 fi
   106 if [ "$ubuntu_recovery" = 1 ]; then
   107 GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_RECOVERY="$GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_RECOVERY nomodeset"
   108 fi
   109
   110 if [ "$vt_handoff" = 1 ]; then
   111 for word in $GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT; do
   112 if [ "$word" = splash ]; then
   113 GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="$GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT \$vt_handoff"
   114 fi
   115 done
   116 fi
   117
   118 if [ x"$GRUB_FORCE_PARTUUID" != x ]; then
   119 echo "set partuuid=${GRUB_FORCE_PARTUUID}"
   120 fi
   121
   122 linux_entry ()
   123 {
   124 os="$1"
   125 version="$2"
   126 type="$3"
   127 args="$4"
   128
   129 if [ -z "$boot_device_id" ]; then
   130 boot_device_id="$(grub_get_device_id "${GRUB_DEVICE}")"
   131 fi
   132 if [ x$type != xsimple ] ; then
   133 case $type in
   134 recovery)
   135 title="$(gettext_printf "%s, with Linux %s (%s)" "${os}" "${version}" "$(gettext "${GRUB_RECOVERY_TITLE}")")" ;;
   136 init-*)
   137 title="$(gettext_printf "%s, with Linux %s (%s)" "${os}" "${version}" "${type#init-}")" ;;
   138 *)
   139 title="$(gettext_printf "%s, with Linux %s" "${os}" "${version}")" ;;
   140 esac
   141 if [ x"$title" = x"$GRUB_ACTUAL_DEFAULT" ] || [ x"Previous Linux versions>$title" = x"$GRUB_ACTUAL_DEFAULT" ]; then
   142 replacement_title="$(echo "Advanced options for ${OS}" | sed 's,>,>>,g')>$(echo "$title" | sed 's,>,>>,g')"
   143 quoted="$(echo "$GRUB_ACTUAL_DEFAULT" | grub_quote)"
   144 title_correction_code="${title_correction_code}if [ \"x\$default\" = '$quoted' ]; then default='$(echo "$replacement_title" | grub_quote)'; fi;"
   145 grub_warn "$(gettext_printf "Please don't use old title \`%s' for GRUB_DEFAULT, use \`%s' (for versions before 2.00) or \`%s' (for 2.00 or later)" "$GRUB_ACTUAL_DEFAULT" "$replacement_title" "gnulinux-advanced-$boot_device_id>gnulinux-$version-$type-$boot_device_id")"
   146 fi
   147 echo "menuentry '$(echo "$title" | grub_quote)' ${CLASS} \$menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-$version-$type-$boot_device_id' {" | sed "s/^/$submenu_indentation/"
   148 else
   149 echo "menuentry '$(echo "$os" | grub_quote)' ${CLASS} \$menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-simple-$boot_device_id' {" | sed "s/^/$submenu_indentation/"
   150 fi
   151 if [ "$quick_boot" = 1 ]; then
   152 echo " recordfail" | sed "s/^/$submenu_indentation/"
   153 fi
   154 if [ x$type != xrecovery ] ; then
   155 save_default_entry | grub_add_tab
   156 fi
   157
   158 # Use ELILO's generic "efifb" when it's known to be available.
   159 # FIXME: We need an interface to select vesafb in case efifb can't be used.
   160 if [ "x$GRUB_GFXPAYLOAD_LINUX" = x ]; then
   161 echo " load_video" | sed "s/^/$submenu_indentation/"
   162 else
   163 if [ "x$GRUB_GFXPAYLOAD_LINUX" != xtext ]; then
   164 echo " load_video" | sed "s/^/$submenu_indentation/"
   165 fi
   166 fi
   167 if ([ "$ubuntu_recovery" = 0 ] || [ x$type != xrecovery ]) && \
   168 ([ "x$GRUB_GFXPAYLOAD_LINUX" != x ] || [ "$gfxpayload_dynamic" = 1 ]); then
   169 echo " gfxmode \$linux_gfx_mode" | sed "s/^/$submenu_indentation/"
   170 fi
   171
   172 echo " insmod gzio" | sed "s/^/$submenu_indentation/"
   173 echo " if [ x\$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fi" | sed "s/^/$submenu_indentation/"
   174
   175 if [ x$dirname = x/ ]; then
   176 if [ -z "${prepare_root_cache}" ]; then
   177 prepare_root_cache="$(prepare_grub_to_access_device ${GRUB_DEVICE} | grub_add_tab)"
   178 fi
   179 printf '%s\n' "${prepare_root_cache}" | sed "s/^/$submenu_indentation/"
   180 else
   181 if [ -z "${prepare_boot_cache}" ]; then
   182 prepare_boot_cache="$(prepare_grub_to_access_device ${GRUB_DEVICE_BOOT} | grub_add_tab)"
   183 fi
   184 printf '%s\n' "${prepare_boot_cache}" | sed "s/^/$submenu_indentation/"
   185 fi
   186 if [ x"$quiet_boot" = x0 ] || [ x"$type" != xsimple ]; then
   187 message="$(gettext_printf "Loading Linux %s ..." ${version})"
   188 sed "s/^/$submenu_indentation/" << EOF
   189 echo '$(echo "$message" | grub_quote)'
   190 EOF
   191 fi
   192 if test -d /sys/firmware/efi && test -e "${linux}.efi.signed"; then
   193 sed "s/^/$submenu_indentation/" << EOF
   194 linux ${rel_dirname}/${basename}.efi.signed root=${linux_root_device_thisversion} ro ${args}
   195 EOF
   196 else
   197 # We have initrd and PARTUUID is set - we try to boot without initrd, and fallback to using it
   198 # if it fails.
   199 # "panic=-1" means "on panic reboot immediately". "panic=0" disables the reboot behavior.
   200 if [ x"$GRUB_FORCE_PARTUUID" != x ]; then
   201 linux_root_device_thisversion="PARTUUID=${GRUB_FORCE_PARTUUID}"
   202 fi
   203 message="$(gettext_printf "Loading initial ramdisk ...")"
   204 if test -n "${initrd}" && [ x"$GRUB_FORCE_PARTUUID" != x ]; then
   205 sed "s/^/$submenu_indentation/" << EOF
   206 if [ "\${initrdfail}" = 1 ]; then
   207 linux ${rel_dirname}/${basename} root=${linux_root_device_thisversion} ro ${args}
   208 EOF
   209 if [ x"$quiet_boot" = x0 ] || [ x"$type" != xsimple ]; then
   210 sed "s/^/$submenu_indentation/" << EOF
   211 echo '$(echo "$message" | grub_quote)'
   212 EOF
   213 fi
   214
   215 sed "s/^/$submenu_indentation/" << EOF
   216 initrd ${rel_dirname}/${initrd}
   217 else
   218 linux ${rel_dirname}/${basename} root=${linux_root_device_thisversion} ro ${args} panic=-1
   219 fi
   220 initrdfail
   221 EOF
   222 else
   223 # We don't have initrd or we don't want to set PARTUUID. Don't try initrd-less boot with fallback.
   224 sed "s/^/$submenu_indentation/" << EOF
   225 linux ${rel_dirname}/${basename} root=${linux_root_device_thisversion} ro ${args}
   226 EOF
   227 if test -n "${initrd}"; then
   228 # We do have initrd - let's use it at boot.
   229 # TRANSLATORS: ramdisk isn't identifier. Should be translated.
   230 if [ x"$quiet_boot" = x0 ] || [ x"$type" != xsimple ]; then
   231 sed "s/^/$submenu_indentation/" << EOF
   232 echo '$(echo "$message" | grub_quote)'
   233 EOF
   234 fi
   235 sed "s/^/$submenu_indentation/" << EOF
   236 initrd ${rel_dirname}/${initrd}
   237 EOF
   238 fi
   239 fi
   240 fi
   241 sed "s/^/$submenu_indentation/" << EOF
   242 }
   243 EOF
   244 }
   245
   246 machine=`uname -m`
   247 case "x$machine" in
   248 xi?86 | xx86_64)
   249 list=
   250 for i in /boot/vmlinuz-*lowlatency /vmlinuz-*lowlatency /boot/kernel-*lowlatency ; do
   251 if grub_file_is_not_garbage "$i" ; then list="$list $i" ; fi
   252 done
   253 list2=
   254 for i in /boot/vmlinuz-*generic /vmlinuz-*generic /boot/kernel-*generic ; do
   255 if grub_file_is_not_garbage "$i" ; then list2="$list2 $i" ; fi
   256 done ;;
   257 *)
   258 list=
   259 for i in /boot/vmlinuz-*lowlatency /boot/vmlinux-*lowlatency /vmlinuz-*lowlatency /vmlinux-*lowlatency /boot/kernel-*lowlatency ; do
   260 if grub_file_is_not_garbage "$i" ; then list="$list $i" ; fi
   261 done
   262 list2=
   263 for i in /boot/vmlinuz-*generic /boot/vmlinux-*generic /vmlinuz-*generic /vmlinux-*generic /boot/kernel-*generic ; do
   264 if grub_file_is_not_garbage "$i" ; then list2="$list2 $i" ; fi
   265 done ;;
   266 esac
   267
   268 case "$machine" in
   269 i?86) GENKERNEL_ARCH="x86" ;;
   270 mips|mips64) GENKERNEL_ARCH="mips" ;;
   271 mipsel|mips64el) GENKERNEL_ARCH="mipsel" ;;
   272 arm*) GENKERNEL_ARCH="arm" ;;
   273 *) GENKERNEL_ARCH="$machine" ;;
   274 esac
   275
   276 prepare_boot_cache=
   277 prepare_root_cache=
   278 boot_device_id=
   279 title_correction_code=
   280
   281 cat << 'EOF'
   282 function gfxmode {
   283 set gfxpayload="${1}"
   284 EOF
   285 if [ "$vt_handoff" = 1 ]; then
   286 cat << 'EOF'
   287 if [ "${1}" = "keep" ]; then
   288 set vt_handoff=vt.handoff=1
   289 else
   290 set vt_handoff=
   291 fi
   292 EOF
   293 fi
   294 cat << EOF
   295 }
   296 EOF
   297
   298 # Use ELILO's generic "efifb" when it's known to be available.
   299 # FIXME: We need an interface to select vesafb in case efifb can't be used.
   300 if [ "x$GRUB_GFXPAYLOAD_LINUX" != x ] || [ "$gfxpayload_dynamic" = 0 ]; then
   301 echo "set linux_gfx_mode=$GRUB_GFXPAYLOAD_LINUX"
   302 else
   303 cat << EOF
   304 if [ "\${recordfail}" != 1 ]; then
   305 if [ -e \${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt ]; then
   306 if hwmatch \${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt 3; then
   307 if [ \${match} = 0 ]; then
   308 set linux_gfx_mode=keep
   309 else
   310 set linux_gfx_mode=text
   311 fi
   312 else
   313 set linux_gfx_mode=text
   314 fi
   315 else
   316 set linux_gfx_mode=keep
   317 fi
   318 else
   319 set linux_gfx_mode=text
   320 fi
   321 EOF
   322 fi
   323 cat << EOF
   324 export linux_gfx_mode
   325 EOF
   326
   327 # Extra indentation to add to menu entries in a submenu. We're not in a submenu
   328 # yet, so it's empty. In a submenu it will be equal to '\t' (one tab).
   329 submenu_indentation=""
   330
   331 is_top_level=true
   332 is_generic_top=true
   333 if [ "x$list" = "x" ]; then
   334 is_top_level=false
   335 generic_is_default=true
   336 fi
   337 if [ "x$list2" = "x" ]; then
   338 is_generic_top=false
   339 fi
   340 while [ "x$list $list2" != "x" ] ; do
   341 if [ "x$is_generic_top" = xtrue ] && [ "x$is_top_level" != xtrue ]; then
   342 linux=`version_find_latest $list2`
   343 case $linux in
   344 *.efi.signed)
   345 # We handle these in linux_entry.
   346 list2=`echo $list2 | tr ' ' '\n' | grep -vx $linux | tr '\n' ' '`
   347 continue
   348 ;;
   349 esac
   350 else
   351 linux=`version_find_latest $list`
   352 if [ "x$linux" = "x" ]; then
   353 break
   354 fi
   355 case $linux in
   356 *.efi.signed)
   357 # We handle these in linux_entry.
   358 list=`echo $list | tr ' ' '\n' | grep -vx $linux | tr '\n' ' '`
   359 continue
   360 ;;
   361 esac
   362 fi
   363 gettext_printf "Found linux image: %s\n" "$linux" >&2
   364 basename=`basename $linux`
   365 dirname=`dirname $linux`
   366 rel_dirname=`make_system_path_relative_to_its_root $dirname`
   367 version=`echo $basename | sed -e "s,^[^0-9]*-,,g"`
   368 alt_version=`echo $version | sed -e "s,\.old$,,g"`
   369 linux_root_device_thisversion="${LINUX_ROOT_DEVICE}"
   370
   371 initrd=
   372 for i in "initrd.img-${version}" "initrd-${version}.img" "initrd-${version}.gz" \
   373 "initrd-${version}" "initramfs-${version}.img" \
   374 "initrd.img-${alt_version}" "initrd-${alt_version}.img" \
   375 "initrd-${alt_version}" "initramfs-${alt_version}.img" \
   376 "initramfs-genkernel-${version}" \
   377 "initramfs-genkernel-${alt_version}" \
   378 "initramfs-genkernel-${GENKERNEL_ARCH}-${version}" \
   379 "initramfs-genkernel-${GENKERNEL_ARCH}-${alt_version}"; do
   380 if test -e "${dirname}/${i}" ; then
   381 initrd="$i"
   382 break
   383 fi
   384 done
   385
   386 config=
   387 for i in "${dirname}/config-${version}" "${dirname}/config-${alt_version}" "/etc/kernels/kernel-config-${version}" ; do
   388 if test -e "${i}" ; then
   389 config="${i}"
   390 break
   391 fi
   392 done
   393
   394 initramfs=
   395 if test -n "${config}" ; then
   396 initramfs=`grep CONFIG_INITRAMFS_SOURCE= "${config}" | cut -f2 -d= | tr -d \"`
   397 fi
   398
   399 if test -n "${initrd}" ; then
   400 gettext_printf "Found initrd image: %s\n" "${dirname}/${initrd}" >&2
   401 elif test -z "${initramfs}" ; then
   402 # "UUID=" and "ZFS=" magic is parsed by initrd or initramfs. Since there's
   403 # no initrd or builtin initramfs, it can't work here.
   404 linux_root_device_thisversion=${GRUB_DEVICE}
   405 fi
   406
   407 if [ "x$is_top_level" = xtrue ] && [ "x${GRUB_DISABLE_SUBMENU}" != xy ]; then
   408 linux_entry "${OS} (lowlatency)" "${version}" simple \
   409 "${GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX} threadirqs ${GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT}"
   410
   411 if [ -z "$boot_device_id" ]; then
   412 boot_device_id="$(grub_get_device_id "${GRUB_DEVICE}")"
   413 fi
   414 if [ "x$is_generic_top" != xtrue ]; then
   415 submenu_indentation="$grub_tab"
   416 # TRANSLATORS: %s is replaced with an OS name
   417 echo "submenu '$(gettext_printf "Advanced options for %s" "${OS}" | grub_quote)' \$menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-advanced-$boot_device_id' {"
   418 fi
   419 is_top_level=false
   420 continue
   421 fi
   422
   423 if [ "x$is_generic_top" = xtrue ] && [ "x${GRUB_DISABLE_SUBMENU}" != xy ]; then
   424 linux_entry "${OS} (generic)" "${version}" simple \
   425 "${GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX} ${GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT}"
   426
   427 submenu_indentation="$grub_tab"
   428 list="$list $list2"
   429
   430 if [ -z "$boot_device_id" ]; then
   431 boot_device_id="$(grub_get_device_id "${GRUB_DEVICE}")"
   432 fi
   433 # TRANSLATORS: %s is replaced with an OS name
   434 echo "submenu '$(gettext_printf "Advanced options for %s" "${OS}" | grub_quote)' \$menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-advanced-$boot_device_id' {"
   435 is_generic_top=false
   436 continue
   437
   438 fi
   439
   440 linux_entry "${OS}" "${version}" advanced \
   441 "${GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX} ${GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT}"
   442 for supported_init in ${SUPPORTED_INITS}; do
   443 init_path="${supported_init#*:}"
   444 if [ -x "${init_path}" ] && [ "$(readlink -f /sbin/init)" != "$(readlink -f "${init_path}")" ]; then
   445 linux_entry "${OS}" "${version}" "init-${supported_init%%:*}" \
   446 "${GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX} ${GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT} init=${init_path}"
   447 fi
   448 done
   449 if [ "x${GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY}" != "xtrue" ]; then
   450 linux_entry "${OS}" "${version}" recovery \
   451 "${GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_RECOVERY} ${GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX}"
   452 fi
   453
   454 list=`echo $list | tr ' ' '\n' | fgrep -vx "$linux" | tr '\n' ' '`
   455 done
   456
   457 # If at least one kernel was found, then we need to
   458 # add a closing '}' for the submenu command.
   459 if [ x"$is_top_level" != xtrue ]; then
   460 echo '}'
   461 fi
   462
   463 echo "$title_correction_code"

sudo dkpg --audit:
Die folgenden Pakete wurden entpackt, aber noch nicht konfiguriert.
Sie müssen mit dpkg --configure oder dem Konfigurations-Menüeintrag in
dselect konfiguriert werden, damit sie ordnungsgemäß funktionieren:
 grub-efi-amd64 GRand Unified Bootloader, version 2 (EFI-AMD64 version)
 grub-efi-amd64-signed GRand Unified Bootloader, version 2 (EFI-AMD64 version,
 shim-signed Secure Boot chain-loading bootloader (Microsoft-signed bi

Die folgenden Pakete sind nur halb konfiguriert, wahrscheinlich durch
Probleme während der ersten Konfiguration. Die Konfiguration sollte mit
dpkg --configure <Paket> oder mit dem Konfigurations-Menüeintrag in
dselect erneut versucht werden:
 linux-image-6.5.0-9-lowlatency Signed kernel image lowlatency
 memtest86+ thorough real-mode memory tester

Die folgenden Pakete sind wegen Problemen während der Installation nur halb
installiert. Die Installation kann wahrscheinlich durch erneuten Versuch
beendet werden; die Pakete können mit dselect oder mit dpkg --remove entfernt
werden:
 linux-image-6.2.0-1014-lowlatency Signed kernel image lowlatency

Die folgenden Pakete sind getriggert worden, aber die Triggerverarbeitung
ist noch nicht erfolgt. Triggerverarbeitung kann mit dselect oder
dpkg --configure --pending (oder dpkg --triggers-only) angefordert werden:
 man-db tools for reading manual pages

sudo dpkg --configure -a
memtest86+ (6.20-3) wird eingerichtet ...
Sourcing file `/etc/default/grub'
Generating grub configuration file ...
/etc/grub.d/09_lowlatency: 1: version_find_latest: not found
dpkg: Fehler beim Bearbeiten des Paketes memtest86+ (--configure):
 »installiertes post-installation-Skript des Paketes memtest86+«-Unterprozess gab den Fehlerwert 127 zurück
linux-image-6.5.0-9-lowlatency (6.5.0-9.9.1) wird eingerichtet ...
grub-efi-amd64 (2.12~rc1-10ubuntu4) wird eingerichtet ...
Installing grub to /boot/efi.
x86_64-efi wird für Ihre Plattform installiert.
Installation beendet. Keine Fehler aufgetreten.
Sourcing file `/etc/default/grub'
Generating grub configuration file ...
/etc/grub.d/09_lowlatency: 1: version_find_latest: not found
dpkg: Fehler beim Bearbeiten des Paketes grub-efi-amd64 (--configure):
 »installiertes post-installation-Skript des Paketes grub-efi-amd64«-Unterprozess gab den Fehlerwert 127 zurück
dpkg: Abhängigkeitsprobleme verhindern Konfiguration von grub-efi-amd64-signed:
 grub-efi-amd64-signed hängt ab von grub-efi-amd64 | grub-pc; aber:
  Paket grub-efi-amd64 ist noch nicht konfiguriert.
  Paket grub-pc ist nicht installiert.

dpkg: Fehler beim Bearbeiten des Paketes grub-efi-amd64-signed (--configure):
 Abhängigkeitsprobleme - verbleibt unkonfiguriert
dpkg: Abhängigkeitsprobleme verhindern Konfiguration von shim-signed:
 shim-signed hängt ab von grub-efi-amd64-signed (>= 1.191~) | grub-efi-arm64-signed (>= 1.191~) | base-files (<< 12.3); aber:
  Paket grub-efi-amd64-signed ist noch nicht konfiguriert.
  Paket grub-efi-arm64-signed ist nicht installiert.
  Version von base-files auf dem System ist 13ubuntu2.
 shim-signed hängt ab von grub-efi-amd64-signed (>= 1.187.2~) | grub-efi-arm64-signed (>= 1.187.2~); aber:
  Paket grub-efi-amd64-signed ist noch nicht konfiguriert.
  Paket grub-efi-arm64-signed ist nicht installiert.

dpkg: Fehler beim Bearbeiten des Paketes shim-signed (--configure):
 Abhängigkeitsprobleme - verbleibt unkonfiguriert
Trigger für man-db (2.11.2-3) werden verarbeitet ...
Trigger für linux-image-6.5.0-9-lowlatency (6.5.0-9.9.1) werden verarbeitet ...
/etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools:
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-6.5.0-9-lowlatency
/etc/kernel/postinst.d/zz-update-grub:
Sourcing file `/etc/default/grub'
Generating grub configuration file ...
/etc/grub.d/09_lowlatency: 1: version_find_latest: not found
run-parts: /etc/kernel/postinst.d/zz-update-grub exited with return code 127
dpkg: Fehler beim Bearbeiten des Paketes linux-image-6.5.0-9-lowlatency (--configure):
 »installiertes post-installation-Skript des Paketes linux-image-6.5.0-9-lowlatency«-Unterprozess gab den Fehlerwert 1 zurück
Fehler traten auf beim Bearbeiten von:
 memtest86+
 grub-efi-amd64
 grub-efi-amd64-signed
 shim-signed
 linux-image-6.5.0-9-lowlatency

This looks somewhat like a version conflict with files from an older release conflicting with the newest version.

/etc/grub.d/09_lowlatency is part of the package ubuntustudio-lowlatency-settings, but that is not (or no more) installed on your system.

What output do you receive for

apt policy grub-common
ls -l /etc/grub.d

Additional remark:
There are two different kernel families, lowlatency and generic.. You better have only one of them installed. Which one do you want?
Depending on that decision, either /etc/grub.d/09_lowlatency or /etc/grub.d/10_linux should be active and the other one deactivated.

Do you want to have "Ubuntustudio 23.10" or "plain Ubuntu 23.10"?

Thanks for the support so far, Manfred. I figured, that the issue is related to some conflicting kernel files, but I don't know how to solve the issue ... maybe a change in /etc/grub.d/09_lowlatency will fix it?
Since I am recording music on my computer, I prefer the lowlatency kernel over the standard kernel.

apt policy grub-common:
grub-common:
  Installiert: 2.12~rc1-10ubuntu4
  Installationskandidat: 2.12~rc1-10ubuntu4
  Versionstabelle:
 *** 2.12~rc1-10ubuntu4 500
        500 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu mantic/main amd64 Packages
        100 /var/lib/dpkg/status

ls -l /etc/grub.d:
insgesamt 168
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 10661 Okt 2 16:23 00_header
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 6260 Sep 19 2022 05_debian_theme
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 15845 Mär 19 2022 09_lowlatency
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 18228 Okt 2 16:23 10_linux
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 43202 Okt 2 16:23 10_linux_zfs
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 14459 Okt 2 16:23 20_linux_xen
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4228 Aug 19 12:40 20_memtest86+
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 786 Okt 2 16:23 25_bli
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 13120 Okt 2 16:23 30_os-prober
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1174 Okt 2 16:23 30_uefi-firmware
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 722 Feb 26 2023 35_fwupd
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 214 Sep 19 2022 40_custom
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 215 Sep 19 2022 41_custom
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 483 Sep 19 2022 README
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 260 Mär 19 2022 README.lowlatency

Thanks Manfred Hampl, that solved my question.

Vielen Dank :)