Ubuntu

sha256sums

Asked by Julia

I am new to ubuntu,i downloaded and installed it from the official page on a new computer. I can't copy the sha256sums into the directory because it denies it. Also, i can barely run 3 commands on a terminal... Is there any way to import it otherwise? Having this file is the only way to check integrity? I can't find md5sums signature either. I used the commands on the helping section, but to no avail. thanks!

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Manfred Hampl
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Julia (darkennoia) said : 		#1

I didn't generate any public or private key, and the distro has been updated several times meanwhile.

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Best Manfred Hampl (m-hampl) said (last edit ): 		#2

What exactly do you want to check with sha256sums?
Checksum verification is automatically done when you download and install software packages, so there is not much need to do it manually.

For diagnostic purposes please provide the output that you receive for the following commands (to be executed in a terminal window):

uname -a
lsb_release -crid
sudo apt update

Remarks: At the last command you will be asked for your password to confirm an administrative action, and please note that when entering the password, you will not get any feedback on screen (no echo, not even '*' placeholders). Just "blind" type your password and hit the "enter" key.

You can copy/paste the output this way: Mark all output with pressed mouse button and then press shift-ctrl-c to copy (plain ctrl-c does not work in a terminal window) and finally paste everything into your question document.

If you have any further question, don't hesitate to ask.

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Julia (darkennoia) said : 		#3

https://ubuntu.com/tutorials/how-to-verify-ubuntu#3-download-checksums-and-signatures i read it here and thought it is necessary.
Here are the outputs:
Linux darkennoia-VivoBook-ASUSLaptop-X515EA-X515EA 5.13.0-44-generic #49~20.04.1-Ubuntu SMP Wed May 18 18:44:28 UTC 2022 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description: Ubuntu 20.04.4 LTS
Release: 20.04
Codename: focal

Hit:1 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security InRelease
Hit:2 http://ro.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal InRelease
Hit:3 http://ro.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates InRelease
Hit:4 http://ro.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-backports InRelease
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
3 packages can be upgraded. Run 'apt list --upgradable' to see them.
I was not asked any password because i work directly from sudo not from bash. Can you tell me how to log to bash? Sorry for all the extra questions, i am trying to learn. I onlt know "sudo su"..
I ran the last command too:

Listing... Done
bolt/focal-updates 0.9.1-2~ubuntu20.04.1 amd64 [upgradable from: 0.8-4ubuntu1]
dpkg/focal-updates,focal-security 1.19.7ubuntu3.2 amd64 [upgradable from: 1.19.7ubuntu3]
libdpkg-perl/focal-updates,focal-updates,focal-security,focal-security 1.19.7ubuntu3.2 all [upgradable from: 1.19.7ubuntu3]
 How do i upgrade? Apt get or install and copy the names?
Many thanks :D

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Bernard Stafford (bernard010) said (last edit ): 		#4

sudo apt update # Fetches the list of available updates
sudo apt upgrade # Installs some updates; does not remove packages
sudo apt full-upgrade # Installs updates; may also remove some packages, if needed
sudo apt autoremove # Removes any old packages that are no longer needed

#!/bin/bash

https://help.ubuntu.com/lts/ubuntu-help/index.html

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Manfred Hampl (m-hampl) said (last edit ): 		#5

The significant step for sha256sums verification is https://ubuntu.com/tutorials/how-to-verify-ubuntu#6-check-the-iso
It is meant to be done before installation.
If you already have installed Ubuntu, then there is no need to bother about manual checksum verification any more.
Ubuntu's package management system automatically verifies software packages when downloading them.

How to install the updates?

1. You can initiate the updates manually, by executing "sudo apt update" and "sudo apt full-upgrade" in a terminal window.
2. You can check for updates and install them with the graphics-oriented "update-manager" program.
3. You can wait for the update-manager to announce the availability of package updates (the frequency how often that is checked depends on your update-manager settings).

It is your choice. You should be aware that on Linux systems like Ubuntu in many cases there are several different ways to achieve the same goal.

And for your question "I was not asked any password because i work directly from sudo not from bash. Can you tell me how to log to bash? Sorry for all the extra questions, i am trying to learn. I only know 'sudo su'."

If you open a terminal window (e.g. by simultaneously pressing ctrl-alt-t), you are running the bash shell. In that windows you are logged in with your own user ID and have standard user rights. Certain administrative actions (like software installation and updates) can be done only with "superuser" rights. On Ubuntu systems you usually do that on a per-command basis by putting sudo in front of each command. If you want to execute several admin commands in a row, then "sudo su" is a possibility to eliminate the need for sudo for the subsequent commands. The risk with that is that you forget to end the superuser shell (by typing exit) and continue running in admin mode, with the risk of inadvertently executing a command with adverse effect on the whole system.

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Julia (darkennoia) said : 		#6

Thanks Manfred Hampl, that solved my question.

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Julia (darkennoia) said : 		#7

All clear now, thanks to everyone for the help! :)