USB 3 devices are not detected on thunderbolt 3

I found a strange problem when trying to connect my Samsung T5 SSD.

If I connect it to the Thunderbolt port on my HP EliteDesk Mini G4, with Thunderbolt at boot then the SSD is detected without issues.

If I unplug it and reconnect then it's not detected.

If I force the thunderbolt controller on (boltctl power -t 1) then I can see the new USB host created in lsusb but the attached device is not added. No additional events are shown in dmesg.

If I connect the device using another cable then it also doesn't work

I have a USB-C cable only rated to USB 2.0 speed then the device is recognized without any issues.

Ubuntu 19.04, 5.0.0-15-generic

04:00.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation JHL7540 Thunderbolt 3 NHI [Titan Ridge 2C 2018] (rev 06)
3a:00.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation JHL7540 Thunderbolt 3 USB Controller [Titan Ridge 2C 2018] (rev 06)