Could not install 18.04 from 17.10

Don't install updates as part of the install. Disconnect from the Web. You can run updates once the OS is installed

Are you booting to the install media and updating that way?

I was not installing updates as part of the install.
I was not booting to the install media.

A window opened and claimed that version 18.04 LTS was available. I used that window. A later window opened and said that the installation aborted and that data was being collected to help find the bugs.

It seem that 10.04 LTS is not ready for use.

10.04 was released in 2010 and its support ended in 2015. It's a dead release.

Sorry I meant 18.04 not 10.04. My mistake. I still have not recovered from all the damage the installation did to my system.

When will 18.04 actually be ready to release?

Yes its been used by loads of people.

What state is the OS in presently? Can you run normal updates?

No! All updates are set to Bionic not Artful.

For diagnostic purposes please provide the output of the following commands:

uname -a
lsb_release -crid
sudo apt-get update
cat -n /etc/apt/sources.list
sudo dpkg --audit

robert@robert-Linux-AMD64-bit:~/Desktop$ uname -a
Linux robert-Linux-AMD64-bit 4.15.0-21-generic #22-Ubuntu SMP Tue May 1 13:26:51 UTC 2018 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
robert@robert-Linux-AMD64-bit:~/Desktop$ lsb_release -crid
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description: Ubuntu 18.04 LTS
Release: 18.04
Codename: bionic
robert@robert-Linux-AMD64-bit:~/Desktop$ sudo apt-get update
[sudo] password for robert:
Ign:1 http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb stable InRelease
Hit:2 http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Hit:3 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Get:4 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful-security InRelease [83.2 kB]
Hit:5 http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb stable Release
Ign:6 https://dl.winehq.org/wine-builds/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Err:7 https://dl.winehq.org/wine-builds/ubuntu bionic Release
  404 Not Found [IP: 151.101.56.69 443]
Hit:8 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful InRelease
Get:9 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful-updates InRelease [88.7 kB]
Ign:10 http://ppa.launchpad.net/swi-prolog/stable/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Err:11 http://ppa.launchpad.net/swi-prolog/stable/ubuntu bionic Release
  404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.95.83 80]
Reading package lists... Done
E: The repository 'https://dl.winehq.org/wine-builds/ubuntu bionic Release' does not have a Release file.
N: Updating from such a repository can't be done securely, and is therefore disabled by default.
N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details.
E: The repository 'http://ppa.launchpad.net/swi-prolog/stable/ubuntu bionic Release' does not have a Release file.
N: Updating from such a repository can't be done securely, and is therefore disabled by default.
N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details.
robert@robert-Linux-AMD64-bit:~/Desktop$ cat -n /etc/apt/sources.list
     1 # deb cdrom:[Ubuntu-MATE 17.10 _Artful Aardvark_ - Release amd64 (20180106)]/ artful main multiverse restricted universe
     2
     3 # See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
     4 # newer versions of the distribution.
     5 deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted
     6 deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ artful main restricted
     7
     8 ## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
     9 ## distribution.
    10 deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ artful-updates main restricted
    11
    12 ## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
    13 ## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any
    14 ## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
    15 deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic universe
    16 deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ artful universe
    17 deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ artful-updates universe
    18
    19 ## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
    20 ## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
    21 ## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
    22 ## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
    23 ## security team.
    24 deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic multiverse
    25 deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ artful multiverse
    26 deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ artful-updates multiverse
    27
    28 ## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
    29 ## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
    30 ## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
    31 ## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
    32 ## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
    33 # deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ artful-backports main restricted universe multiverse
    34
    35 ## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's
    36 ## 'partner' repository.
    37 ## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the
    38 ## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users.
    39 deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu bionic partner
    40 deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu bionic partner
    41
    42 deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful-security main restricted
    43 deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful-security universe
    44 deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful-security multiverse
    45 deb https://dl.winehq.org/wine-builds/ubuntu/ bionic main # disabled on upgrade to bionic
    46 deb-src https://dl.winehq.org/wine-builds/ubuntu/ bionic main # disabled on upgrade to bionic
robert@robert-Linux-AMD64-bit:~/Desktop$ sudo dpkg --audit
robert@robert-Linux-AMD64-bit:~/Desktop$

Your output confirms that your system has successfully been upgraded to 18.04.

There are still some mirror issues:

In your sources.list configuration there are some outdated references to artful instead of bionic.
And there are repository sources listed that do not contain software for bionic.

Issue the command

sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

change all occurrences of "artful" by "bionic" except in the first line
delete the last two lines (those containing dl.winehq.org)
save the file and clos the editor.

Apparently you have another outdated reference in an additional config file in a subdirectory.
Issue the command

grep swi-prolog /etc/apt/sources.list.d/*.list

and delete the file that is listed, with a command like
sudo rm /etc/apt/sources.list.d/swi-prolog-artful.list
(adapt the file name in the command to the file name shown in the grep command!).

The repeat the command

sudo apt-get update

and report the results.

Not all PPAs support all releases

robert@robert-Linux-AMD64-bit:~/Desktop$ sudo apt-get install gedit
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
  amd64-microcode bbswitch-dkms common-lisp-controller gcc-7-base:i386
  gnome-orca intel-microcode iucode-tool libclang1-5.0 libcudart8.0
  libdevhelp-3-4 libffcall1 libicu57:i386 libidn11:i386 libllvm5.0:i386
  libnvidia-cfg1-390 libnvidia-compute-390:i386 libnvidia-decode-390
  libnvidia-decode-390:i386 libnvidia-encode-390 libnvidia-encode-390:i386
  libnvidia-fbc1-390 libnvidia-fbc1-390:i386 libnvidia-ifr1-390
  libnvidia-ifr1-390:i386 libpoppler-qt4-4 libqt5designer5 libqt5help5
  libqt5sql5 libqt5sql5-sqlite libqt5test5 libssl1.0.0:i386
  libtxc-dxtn-s2tc:i386 libva-wayland1 nvidia-compute-utils-390
  nvidia-settings nvidia-utils-390 python-enum34 python3-dbus.mainloop.pyqt5
  python3-pyqt5 python3-sip realpath ruby2.3 ruby2.3-dev ruby2.3-doc
  screen-resolution-extra xserver-xorg-video-nvidia-390
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.
The following additional packages will be installed:
  gedit-common libgspell-1-1 libgspell-1-common
Suggested packages:
  gedit-plugins
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  gedit gedit-common libgspell-1-1 libgspell-1-common
0 upgraded, 4 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 598 kB of archives.
After this operation, 5,229 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
Get:1 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 libgspell-1-common all 1.6.1-1 [5,988 B]
Get:2 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 libgspell-1-1 amd64 1.6.1-1 [47.7 kB]
Get:3 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 gedit-common all 3.28.1-1ubuntu1 [137 kB]
Get:4 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 gedit amd64 3.28.1-1ubuntu1 [408 kB]
Fetched 598 kB in 1s (1,057 kB/s)
Selecting previously unselected package libgspell-1-common.
(Reading database ... 414621 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../libgspell-1-common_1.6.1-1_all.deb ...
Unpacking libgspell-1-common (1.6.1-1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libgspell-1-1:amd64.
Preparing to unpack .../libgspell-1-1_1.6.1-1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libgspell-1-1:amd64 (1.6.1-1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package gedit-common.
Preparing to unpack .../gedit-common_3.28.1-1ubuntu1_all.deb ...
Unpacking gedit-common (3.28.1-1ubuntu1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package gedit.
Preparing to unpack .../gedit_3.28.1-1ubuntu1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking gedit (3.28.1-1ubuntu1) ...
Processing triggers for gconf2 (3.2.6-4ubuntu1) ...
Processing triggers for mime-support (3.60ubuntu1) ...
Processing triggers for desktop-file-utils (0.23-1ubuntu3) ...
Processing triggers for libglib2.0-0:i386 (2.56.1-2ubuntu1) ...
Processing triggers for libglib2.0-0:amd64 (2.56.1-2ubuntu1) ...
Processing triggers for bamfdaemon (0.5.3+18.04.20180207.2-0ubuntu1) ...
Rebuilding /usr/share/applications/bamf-2.index...
Setting up libgspell-1-common (1.6.1-1) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.27-3ubuntu1) ...
Setting up gedit-common (3.28.1-1ubuntu1) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.8.3-2) ...
Processing triggers for gnome-menus (3.13.3-11ubuntu1) ...
Processing triggers for hicolor-icon-theme (0.17-2) ...
Setting up libgspell-1-1:amd64 (1.6.1-1) ...
Setting up gedit (3.28.1-1ubuntu1) ...
update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/gedit to provide /usr/bin/gnome-text-editor (gnome-text-editor) in auto mode
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.27-3ubuntu1) ...
robert@robert-Linux-AMD64-bit:~/Desktop$ sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

** (gedit:3249): WARNING **: 21:28:22.074: Set document metadata failed: Setting attribute metadata::gedit-spell-language not supported

** (gedit:3249): WARNING **: 21:28:22.074: Set document metadata failed: Setting attribute metadata::gedit-encoding not supported

** (gedit:3249): WARNING **: 21:28:26.142: Set document metadata failed: Setting attribute metadata::gedit-position not supported
robert@robert-Linux-AMD64-bit:~/Desktop$ grep swi-prolog /etc/apt/sources.list.f/*.list
grep: /etc/apt/sources.list.f/*.list: No such file or directory
robert@robert-Linux-AMD64-bit:~/Desktop$ grep swi-prolog /etc/apt/sources.list.d/*.list
/etc/apt/sources.list.d/swi-prolog-ubuntu-stable-artful.list:deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/swi-prolog/stable/ubuntu bionic main # disabled on upgrade to bionic
/etc/apt/sources.list.d/swi-prolog-ubuntu-stable-artful.list:deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/swi-prolog/stable/ubuntu bionic main # disabled on upgrade to bionic
robert@robert-Linux-AMD64-bit:~/Desktop$ sudo rm /etc/apt/sources.list.d/swi-prolog-ubuntu-stable-artful.list
robert@robert-Linux-AMD64-bit:~/Desktop$ sudo apt-get update
Ign:1 http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb stable InRelease
Hit:2 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Get:3 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates InRelease [83.2 kB]
Hit:4 http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb stable Release
Hit:5 http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Get:6 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security InRelease [83.2 kB]
Get:7 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/restricted Sources [5,324 B]
Get:8 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/multiverse Sources [181 kB]
Get:10 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/universe Sources [9,051 kB]
Get:11 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security/universe Sources [3,668 B]
Get:12 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security/main Sources [11.7 kB]
Get:13 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security/multiverse Sources [712 B]
Get:14 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main Sources [829 kB]
Get:15 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/multiverse Sources [1,288 B]
Get:16 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main Sources [20.7 kB]
Get:17 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/universe Sources [6,844 B]
Fetched 10.3 MB in 4s (2,764 kB/s)
Reading package lists... Done
robert@robert-Linux-AMD64-bit:~/Desktop$

Also thank you for the timely and accurate help. 20 years ago I was a Unix guru, but I am a neophyte in Linux. Both Windows and Mac help is relatively useless. First I have to train their second-tier help in what the problem is, then they are usually helpless. Feedback for bugs go ignored. I pointed out bugs in Mac OS X 10.4 that were not fixed in 10.5, 10.6, 10.7, 10.8, 10.9 and 10.10. Microsoft wanted me to pay them to fix the bugs in their code. They refused to pay my normal consulting fee.

The output looks good, no error messages any more.

There is one additional cleanup action that you could execute:

Your output shows that there are several packages installed that are not needed (any more).
The command for the cleanup would be

sudo apt-get --purge autoremove

If there is no further left, problem then you might mark this question document as "solved".