Power Supply Broke While Updating Ubuntu

While Updating One Of My Computers From Ubuntu 8. to 10. The Changes Were Made. And The Next Step Was To Compile The Updates. Which It (The Update Manager) Said It Would Take Quite Some Time. Then After About 15 Minutes The Power Supply Broke During The Compile Step. So It Did Not Finish That Step. I Removed And Replaced The Power Supply. And I Am Now Able To Have The Windows Side Of The Computer Boot And Work. But I Can Not Get Ubuntu Side To Boot Or Work Or Recover Or ... I Have Two (At Least) Other Computers That Have Ubuntu 10. On Them Together With A Windows Side On Each. And These Other Computers Work Very Well With Either LINUX or Windows. I Wish To Fix That Computer Mentioned First. My Question Is Can I Just Copy All Of The LINUX Directories And Files From One Of The Working Computers To The Broken One. And Then Will I Be Able To Have That Broken One Work. Or Do I Have To Go Through The Entire Process Of Reloading Ubuntu From A Disk. Thank You For Your Time, Patience, And Consideration. By The Way I Appreciate All The Work You Do To Keep LINUX Working. I Especially Like The Ubuntu Version. I Have Used Other LINUX Versions. I Solve Partial Differential Equations And Mechanical Plus Other Engineering Problems And Turn The Solutions Into FORTRAN And c Computer Programs. And In Many Cases With Graphics Capability. By The Way I Could Not Find An Answer To This In The Other Answers Section.