Chapter 31. Backup Techniques
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## Chapter 31. Backup Techniques

### John H. Terpstra

Samba Team

`<jht@samba.org>`

## Features and Benefits

The Samba project is over 10 years old. During the early history of Samba, UNIX administrators were its key implementors. UNIX administrators use UNIX system tools to backup UNIX system files. Over the past 4 years, an increasing number of Microsoft network administrators have taken an interest in Samba. This is reflected in the questions about backup in general on the Samba mailing lists.

## Discussion of Backup Solutions

During discussions at a Microsoft Windows training course, one of the pro-UNIX delegates stunned the class when he pointed out that Windows NT4 is limiting compared with UNIX. He likened UNIX to a Meccano set that has an unlimited number of tools that are simple, efficient, and, in combination, capable of achieving any desired outcome.

One of the Windows networking advocates retorted that if she wanted a Meccano set, she would buy one. She made it clear that a complex single tool that does more than is needed but does it with a clear purpose and intent is preferred by some like her.

Please note that all information here is provided as is and without recommendation of fitness or suitability. The network administrator is strongly encouraged to perform due diligence research before implementing any backup solution, whether free software or commercial.

A useful Web site I recently stumbled across that you might like to refer to is located at www.allmerchants.com.

The following three free software projects might also merit consideration.

### BackupPC

BackupPC version 2.0.0 has been released on SourceForge. New features include support for `rsync/rsyncd` and internationalization of the CGI interface (including English, French, Spanish, and German).

BackupPC is a high-performance Perl-based package for backing up Linux, UNIX, and Windows PCs and laptops to a server's disk. BackupPC is highly configurable and easy to install and maintain. SMB (via smbclient), `tar` over `rsh/ssh`, or `rsync/rsyncd` are used to extract client data.

Given the ever-decreasing cost of disks and RAID systems, it is now practical and cost effective to backup a large number of machines onto a server's local disk or network storage. This is what BackupPC does.

Key features are pooling of identical files (big savings in server disk space), compression, and a comprehensive CGI interface that allows users to browse backups and restore files.

BackupPC is free software distributed under a GNU GPL license. BackupPC runs on Linux/UNIX/freenix servers and has been tested on Linux, UNIX, Windows 9x/Me, Windows 98, Windows 200x, Windows XP, and Mac OSX clients.

### Rsync

`rsync` is a flexible program for efficiently copying files or directory trees.

`rsync` has many options to select which files will be copied and how they are to be transferred. It may be used as an alternative to `ftp, http, scp`, or `rcp`.

The rsync remote-update protocol allows rsync to transfer just the differences between two sets of files across the network link, using an efficient checksum-search algorithm described in the technical report that accompanies the rsync package.

Some of the additional features of rsync are:

- Support for copying links, devices, owners, groups, and permissions.

- Exclude and exclude-from options are similar to GNU tar.

- A CVS exclude mode for ignoring the same files that CVS would ignore.

- Can use any transparent remote shell, including rsh or ssh.

- Does not require root privileges.

- Pipelining of file transfers to minimize latency costs.

- Support for anonymous or authenticated rsync servers (ideal for mirroring).

### Amanda

Amanda, the Advanced Maryland Automatic Network Disk Archiver, is a backup system that allows the administrator of a LAN to set up a single master backup server to back up multiple hosts to a single large capacity tape drive. Amanda uses native dump and/or GNU tar facilities and can back up a large number of workstations running multiple versions of UNIX. Recent versions can also use Samba to back up Microsoft Windows hosts.

For more information regarding Amanda, please check the www.amanda.org/ site.

### BOBS: Browseable Online Backup System

Browseable Online Backup System (BOBS) is a complete online backup system. Uses large disks for storing backups and lets users browse the files using a Web browser. Handles some special files like AppleDouble and icon files.

The home page for BOBS is located at bobs.sourceforge.net.

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