Translate Ubuntu to a new language

I've registered the language in our database. In practice, one more piece of information will be needed and once we've configured that you can simply start translating. After that you may want to think of things like organizing a translation team.

The missing piece of information is: how do plural forms relate to numbers in Hunsrik? In English there is a singular and a plural, and you use the singular for 1 object but the plural for 0, 2, and any other number of objects. Some languages have more forms than just a singular and a plural, some have only one. Some use the singular for 0 objects. We encode this information as a number of forms, and a formula for which form to use for what numbers.

When it comes to organizing a translation team (which you may not find necessary just yet), these links may be helpful:

    https://answers.launchpad.net/rosetta/+faq/116
    https://answers.launchpad.net/rosetta/+faq/117

Please follow up with the plural-forms information. We don't need to know anything else about the grammar, just how a number of something maps to a form.

By the way, our information about this language is now shown here:

    https://translations.launchpad.net/+languages/hrx

Hi Adriano,

Here are the detailed steps on how to start a new translation team for Ubuntu and be able to start translating in a new language:

  https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Translations/KnowledgeBase/StartingTeam

If you've got any questions or you need any help on this, feel free to get in touch with other translators in any of the ways listed here:

  https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Translations/Contact/

Regards,
David.

--
David Planella
Ubuntu Translations Coordinator
www.ubuntu.com / www.davidplanella.wordpress.com
www.identi.ca/dplanella / www.twitter.com/dplanella

About the Plural Forms in Hunnsrikk

Here are the informations about the plural in Hunnsrikk:

In Hunnsrikk we have singular and plural, like English or German, for example. The use with numbers is: 0=singular, 1=singular, 2 or more=plural.
There are 9 types of plural formation, with subdivisions.
As in german, in many words with the vowels -a-/-å-, -o-/-ø-, -u- and the semivowel –w- occurs the umm-låt, transforming these vowels in –e/-ɛ, –e/-ɛ, -i and –j, respectively.
Many times, there are also other strange transformations of the final consonants in the plural formation, like in hunnt (dog): the singular is hunnt, but in plural the last consonant (-t) will disappear: hunn.
Another transformation of the final consonants of the root is called consonant harmonization: Ex. (duck) -> singular: patt -> plural: paddë, (table) tiʃʃ -> tiʒʒë, (language) ʃprox -> ʃproɠë
I’ll send a list of all plural forms in this language, explaining the rules of its formation (the source of these informations is the Gramática do Hunnsrikk, written by myself in Portuguese; I translated the rules, and I hope there aren’t too much mistakes inside the text :-) ). There are some examples for each group:
-Plural forms-

GROUP 1

1a - In this group only occurs umm-låt, and nothing is added to the noun:

 lasst - lesst
 nasst - nɛsst
 ʃpass - ʃpess
 vallt - vellt
 halls - hells
 ʃtamm - ʃtɛmm
 ʃaŋŋk - ʃɛŋŋk
 påm - pem
 plån - plen
 påt - pɛt
 ʃpån - ʃpen
 nås - nes
 tååjķ - tɛɛjķ
 trot - tret
 k̀opp - k̀epp
 toss – tess
 ʃwoɠǎ - ʃweģǎ
 k̀u - k̀i
 ʃtul - ʃtil
 p̀ul - p̀il
 fus - fis
 lufft - lifft
 plux - pliķ
 punnʃ - pinnʃ
 k̀ummp - k̀immp

1baa - The –ǎ ending will be added to form plural:

 liķķt - liķķtǎ
 pillt - pilldǎ
 tiŋŋ - tiŋŋǎ
 ʃtikk - ʃtiggǎ
 hefft - hefftǎ
 prett - preddǎ
 pett - peddǎ
 ʃniss - ʃnizzǎ
 hɛtts - hɛttsǎ

1baaa - In singular this group have the ending –mpt. In plural, an –ǎ will be added, and the ending –mpt suffers consonant harmonization:

 himmpt – himmbdǎ

1baab - In singular this group have the ending –mpt. In plural, an –ë will be added, and the ending –mpt suffers consonant harmonization:

 ʃimmpt - ʃimmbdë

1bab - In this group occurs umm-låt and the ending –ǎ will be added:

 platts - plettsǎ
 mann - mɛnnǎ
 loxx - leģģǎ
 hønn - hɛnnǎ
 k̀ønn - k̀ɛnnǎ
 tønn – tɛnnǎ
 puxx - piģģǎ

1bba - In singular this group have a long vowel, but in plural this vowel becomes a short, and the ending –ǎ will be added:

 ååj - åjǎ

1bbb - In singular this group have a long vowel, but in plural this vowel becomes a short and also suffers umm-låt, and the ending –ǎ will be added:

 råt - reddǎ
 plåt - pleddǎ

1ca - The ending –ë will be added in plural:

 aw - awë
 k̀atts - k̀attsë
 vaff - vaʋʋë
 k̀ann - k̀annë
 lammp - lammbë
 aff - aʋʋë
 palloŋŋ - palloŋŋë
 ʃtaŋŋ - ʃtaŋŋë
 ʃpann - ʃpannë
 åndaxx - åndaɠɠë
 tåx - tåɠë
 k̀åt - k̀ådë
 karrål - karrålë
 pɛrriķķ - pɛrriģģë
 ʃprej - ʃprejë
 kɛnns - kɛnnzë
 ʃtrikk - ʃtriggë
 riss - rizzë
 sipp - sibbë
 tsipp - tsibbë
 tiʃʃ - tiʒʒë
 vitt - viddë
 polliss - pollizzë
 polliʃʃ - polliʒʒë
 ʃof - ʃoʋë
 pon – ponë
 soŋŋ - soŋŋë
 ømmatts - ømmattsë
 luŋŋ - luŋŋë
 tsuŋŋ – tsuŋŋë
 sunn - sunnë

1caa - In singular this group have a long vowel+p, but in plural this vowel becomes a short and the –p- turns into a –v-, and the ending –ë will be added:

 lep – levë
 kråp – kråvë
 krup - kruvë

1cb - In this group occurs umm-låt and the ending –ë will be added:

 kaŋŋk - kɛŋŋgë
 tråm - tremë
 håll - hɛllë
 hol - helë
 t̀upp – t̀ibbë
 prusst - prisstë

GROUP 2

2a - In this group, the –ë ending of singular disappears in plural:

 medë - met

2b - In this group, the –ë ending of singular disappears in plural, and also occurs umm-låt:

 kluttʃë - klittʃ

GROUP 3

3a - This groups ends with an long –i or –e. In plural, these vowels turn to short vowels, the ending –ë is added, and a –j- is inserted between the root and the ending:

 tre - trejë
 se - sejë
 tse - tsejë
 ve - vejë
 katte – kattejë
 itte - ittejë
 t̀e - t̀ejë
 he - hejë
 re - rejë
 pli - plije
 pi - pijë
 kni - knijë
 pri - prijë
 mi - mijë

3b - This groups ends with an long –å, –o or -u. In plural, these vowels turn to short vowels, the ending –ë is added, and a –w- is inserted between the root and the ending:

 frå - fråwë
 ʃå - ʃåwë
 klo - klowë
 vo - vowë
 kanno - kannowë
 ru - ruwë
 ʃu - ʃuwë

3ca - This group also ends in –å in singular, but in plural occurs umm-låt and an –ř appears after the root vowel –e-:

 p̀å - p̀eř

3cb - This group also ends in –å in singular, in plural appears an –ř after the last vowel, and also an –ë is added:

 alltå - alltårë

GROUP 4

4a - This groups ends in consonant+ə+ consonant. To form the plural, first root vowel will suffer umm-låt. Nothing will be added:

 tårrəm - tɛrrəm
 t̀årrəm - t̀ɛrrəm
 nåɠəl - neģəl
 ʃtørrəm - ʃtɛrrəm
 vørrəm - vɛrrəm
 k̀ørrəp - k̀ɛrrəp

4b - This group ends in -əs, and in plural na –ë will be added:

 fibbəs - fibbəzë
 labbəs - labbəzë
 t̀abbəs - t̀abbəzë
 trilləs - trilləzë
 mebbəs - mebbəzë

4ba - This groups ends in consonant+ə+ consonant . To form the plural, the -ə- disappears and an –ë will be added:

 ʃizzəl - ʃisslë
 k̀iddəl - k̀ittlë
 kribbəl - kripplë
 ʃɛrrəm - ʃɛrrmë
 pezəm - pesmë
 teggəl - tekklë
 ebbəl - epplë
 ezəl - eslë
 k̀ezzəl - k̀esslë
 vɛrrvəl - vɛrrvlë
 aŋŋəl - aŋŋlë
 kavvəl - kavvlë
 ammʒəl - ammʃlë
 fåvəl - fåvlë
 nodəl - notlë
 nudəl - nutlë
 ruddəl - ruttlë

4bb - This groups ends in consonant+ə+ consonant . To form the plural, the -ə- disappears, the root vowel suffers umm-låt, and an –ë will be added:

 fådəm - fetmë
 ʃtuvvəl - ʃtivvlë

GROUP 5

5aa - This group loses the ending –t in plural:

 hunnt - hunn

5ab - This group loses the ending –t in plural, and the root vowel suffers umm-låt:

 hannt - hɛnn

5ba - This group loses the ending –t in plural, and an –ǎ is added:

 k̀innt - k̀innǎ
 rinnt - rinnǎ

5ba - This group loses the ending –t in plural, and an –ë is added:

 hittst - hittsë

5bb - This group loses the ending –t in plural, the root vowel suffers umm-låt, and the ending –ǎ will be added:

 lannt - lɛnnǎ

GROUP 6

6a - The semivowel of the diphtong –aw- suffers umm-låt, and turns into –aj-:

 maws - majs
 laws - lajs
 hawt - hajt
 kawl - kajl
 mawl – majl
 saw - saj
 k̀awl - k̀ajl

6b - The semivowel of the diphtong –aw- suffers umm-låt, and turns into –aj-. The ending –ǎ is also added:

 haws - hajzǎ

GROUP 7

7a - This group ends in –ř in singular. To form the plural, this -ř turns into –r, and the ending –ë is added:

 fǎk̀ajʋř - fǎk̀ajfrë
 fiŋŋř - fiŋŋrë
 teř - terë
 ʃeř - ʃerë
 gëveř - gëverë
 fedř - fetrë
 feddř - fettrë
 emř - emrë
 ʃwesstř - ʃwesstrë
 hammř - hammrë
 pappiř - pappirë
 nåxxpř - nåxxprë
 povř - povrë
 pottreř - pottrerë
 uř – urë
 fuř - furë
 t̀uř - t̀urë
 k̀uř - k̀urë
 pugř - pukrë
 nummř – nummrë

7b - This group also ends in -ř in singular, but this letter is preceded by at least two different consonants. To form the plural, an –ë will be added at the end, and an -ə- is inserted before –r:

 p̀inndʒř - p̀inndʒǝrë
 puŋŋgř - puŋŋgǝrë

GROUP 8

8 - This group ends in -ģjě, -ķjě, -sjě, -ʃjě. Its ending –ě will be changed to –ǎ to form plural:

 mɛnnģjě - mɛnnģjǎ
 tretķjě - tretķjǎ
 hajssjě - hajssjǎ
 fiʃʃʃjě - fiʃʃʃjǎ

GROUP 9

9 - In this group, the forms of singular and plural are the same:

 fiʃʃ - fiʃʃ
 ʃtajn - ʃtajn
 årmë - årmë
 pen - pen
 lɛrǎ - lɛrǎ
 knoɠɠë - knoɠɠë
 ʃådë - ʃådë
 liņņë - liņņë
 fammiļļë - fammiļļë
 awdǒ - awdǒ
 piggǒ - piggǒ
 pollǒ - pollǒ
 k̀ɛrrvǎ - k̀ɛrrvǎ
 k̀aggǐ - k̀aggǐ
 taddǔ - taddǔ
 nɛnně - nɛnně

P.S.: Everytime a gravis ( ` ) appears, it should be placed over the consonants k, p or t, and never over vowels. The gravis indicates aspiration of the mentioned consonants.

Thanks Jeroen T. Vermeulen, that solved my question.