I'm in project where a LPC2103 microcontroller from NXP is used. I want to use printf for debugging. But when STDIO.H was included and printf() was called the code generated became to large and doesn't fit in LPC2103 flash memory. I found that newlib-nano shall generate libg_s.a and libc_s.a according to the README file for GNU Tools for ARM Embedded Processors Version: 5. I think that can solve my problem with the too large code. But when i build my code with the following makefile I can't see libg_s.a or libc_s.a in my MAP file and the code is still to large. The MAP file still show libg.a and libc.a. I am not sure where I shall place --specs=nano.specs command in the makefile. Please help me with this so I can continue my project and debug with printf()-function. Regards /Bo Liljedahl My makefile looks like the following: #=============================================================================# # ARM makefile # # author: Freddie Chopin, http://www.freddiechopin.info/ # last change: 2012-01-08 # # this makefile is based strongly on many examples found in the network #=============================================================================# #=============================================================================# # toolchain configuration #=============================================================================# TOOLCHAIN = arm-none-eabi- CXX = $(TOOLCHAIN)g++ CC = $(TOOLCHAIN)gcc AS = $(TOOLCHAIN)gcc -x assembler-with-cpp OBJCOPY = $(TOOLCHAIN)objcopy OBJDUMP = $(TOOLCHAIN)objdump SIZE = $(TOOLCHAIN)size RM = rm -f #=============================================================================# # project configuration #=============================================================================# # project name PROJECT = lpc2103_blink_led # core type CORE = arm7tdmi-s # linker script LD_SCRIPT = LPC2103_rom.ld # output folder (absolute or relative path, leave empty for in-tree compilation) OUT_DIR = out # C++ definitions (e.g. "-Dsymbol_with_value=0xDEAD -Dsymbol_without_value") CXX_DEFS = # C definitions C_DEFS = # ASM definitions AS_DEFS = # include directories (absolute or relative paths to additional folders with # headers, current folder is always included) INC_DIRS = # library directories (absolute or relative paths to additional folders with # libraries) LIB_DIRS = # libraries (additional libraries for linking, e.g. "-lm -lsome_name" to link # math library libm.a and libsome_name.a) LIBS = # additional directories with source files (absolute or relative paths to # folders with source files, current folder is always included) SRCS_DIRS = # extension of C++ files CXX_EXT = cpp # wildcard for C++ source files (all files with CXX_EXT extension found in # current folder and SRCS_DIRS folders will be compiled and linked) CXX_SRCS = $(wildcard $(patsubst %, %/*.$(CXX_EXT), . $(SRCS_DIRS))) # extension of C files C_EXT = c # wildcard for C source files (all files with C_EXT extension found in current # folder and SRCS_DIRS folders will be compiled and linked) C_SRCS = $(wildcard $(patsubst %, %/*.$(C_EXT), . $(SRCS_DIRS))) # extension of ASM files AS_EXT = S # wildcard for ASM source files (all files with AS_EXT extension found in # current folder and SRCS_DIRS folders will be compiled and linked) AS_SRCS = $(wildcard $(patsubst %, %/*.$(AS_EXT), . $(SRCS_DIRS))) # optimization flags ("-O0" - no optimization, "-O1" - optimize, "-O2" - # optimize even more, "-Os" - optimize for size or "-O3" - optimize yet more) OPTIMIZATION = -Os # set to 1 to optimize size by removing unused code and data during link phase REMOVE_UNUSED = 1 # set to 1 to compile and link additional code required for C++ USES_CXX = 0 # define warning options here CXX_WARNINGS = -Wall -Wextra C_WARNINGS = -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -Wextra # C++ language standard ("c++98", "gnu++98" - default, "c++0x", "gnu++0x") CXX_STD = gnu++98 # C language standard ("c89" / "iso9899:1990", "iso9899:199409", # "c99" / "iso9899:1999", "gnu89" - default, "gnu99") C_STD = gnu89 #=============================================================================# # set the VPATH according to SRCS_DIRS #=============================================================================# VPATH = $(SRCS_DIRS) #=============================================================================# # when using output folder, append trailing slash to its name #=============================================================================# ifeq ($(strip $(OUT_DIR)), ) OUT_DIR_F = else OUT_DIR_F = $(strip $(OUT_DIR))/ endif #=============================================================================# # various compilation flags #=============================================================================# # core flags CORE_FLAGS = -mcpu=$(CORE) # flags for C++ compiler CXX_FLAGS = -std=$(CXX_STD) -g -ggdb3 -fno-rtti -fno-exceptions -fverbose-asm -Wa,-ahlms=$(OUT_DIR_F)$(notdir $(<:.$(CXX_EXT)=.lst)) # flags for C compiler C_FLAGS = -std=$(C_STD) -g -ggdb3 -fverbose-asm -Wa,-ahlms=$(OUT_DIR_F)$(notdir $(<:.$(C_EXT)=.lst)) # flags for assembler AS_FLAGS = -g -ggdb3 -Wa,-amhls=$(OUT_DIR_F)$(notdir $(<:.$(AS_EXT)=.lst)) # flags for linker LD_FLAGS = -T$(LD_SCRIPT) -g -Wl,-Map=$(OUT_DIR_F)$(PROJECT).map,--cref,--no-warn-mismatch # process option for removing unused code ifeq ($(REMOVE_UNUSED), 1) LD_FLAGS += -Wl,--gc-sections OPTIMIZATION += -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections endif # if __USES_CXX is defined for ASM then code for global/static constructors / # destructors is compiled; if -nostartfiles option for linker is added then C++ # initialization / finalization code is not linked ifeq ($(USES_CXX), 1) AS_DEFS += -D__USES_CXX else LD_FLAGS += -nostartfiles endif #=============================================================================# # do some formatting #=============================================================================# CXX_OBJS = $(addprefix $(OUT_DIR_F), $(notdir $(CXX_SRCS:.$(CXX_EXT)=.o))) C_OBJS = $(addprefix $(OUT_DIR_F), $(notdir $(C_SRCS:.$(C_EXT)=.o))) AS_OBJS = $(addprefix $(OUT_DIR_F), $(notdir $(AS_SRCS:.$(AS_EXT)=.o))) OBJS = $(AS_OBJS) $(C_OBJS) $(CXX_OBJS) $(USER_OBJS) DEPS = $(OBJS:.o=.d) INC_DIRS_F = -I. $(patsubst %, -I%, $(INC_DIRS)) LIB_DIRS_F = $(patsubst %, -L%, $(LIB_DIRS)) ELF = $(OUT_DIR_F)$(PROJECT).elf HEX = $(OUT_DIR_F)$(PROJECT).hex BIN = $(OUT_DIR_F)$(PROJECT).bin LSS = $(OUT_DIR_F)$(PROJECT).lss DMP = $(OUT_DIR_F)$(PROJECT).dmp # format final flags for tools, request dependancies for C++, C and asm CXX_FLAGS_F = $(CORE_FLAGS) $(OPTIMIZATION) $(CXX_WARNINGS) $(CXX_FLAGS) $(CXX_DEFS) -MD -MP -MF $(OUT_DIR_F)$(@F:.o=.d) $(INC_DIRS_F) C_FLAGS_F = $(CORE_FLAGS) $(OPTIMIZATION) $(C_WARNINGS) $(C_FLAGS) $(C_DEFS) -MD -MP -MF $(OUT_DIR_F)$(@F:.o=.d) $(INC_DIRS_F) AS_FLAGS_F = $(CORE_FLAGS) $(AS_FLAGS) $(AS_DEFS) -MD -MP -MF $(OUT_DIR_F)$(@F:.o=.d) $(INC_DIRS_F) LD_FLAGS_F = $(CORE_FLAGS) $(LD_FLAGS) $(LIB_DIRS_F) #contents of output directory GENERATED = $(wildcard $(patsubst %, $(OUT_DIR_F)*.%, bin d dmp elf hex lss lst map o)) #=============================================================================# # make all #=============================================================================# all : make_output_dir $(ELF) $(LSS) $(DMP) $(HEX) $(BIN) print_size # make object files dependent on Makefile $(OBJS) : Makefile # make .elf file dependent on linker script $(ELF) : $(LD_SCRIPT) #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------# # linking - objects -> elf #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------# $(ELF) : $(OBJS) @echo 'Linking target: $(ELF)' $(CXX) $(LD_FLAGS_F) $(OBJS) $(LIBS) -o $@ @echo ' ' #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------# # compiling - C++ source -> objects #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------# $(OUT_DIR_F)%.o : %.$(CXX_EXT) @echo 'Compiling file: $<' $(CXX) -c $(CXX_FLAGS_F) $< -o $@ @echo ' ' #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------# # compiling - C source -> objects #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------# $(OUT_DIR_F)%.o : %.$(C_EXT) @echo 'Compiling file: $<' $(CC) -c --specs=nano.specs $(C_FLAGS_F) $< -o $@ @echo ' ' #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------# # assembling - ASM source -> objects #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------# $(OUT_DIR_F)%.o : %.$(AS_EXT) @echo 'Assembling file: $<' $(AS) -c $(AS_FLAGS_F) $< -o $@ @echo ' ' #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------# # memory images - elf -> hex, elf -> bin #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------# $(HEX) : $(ELF) @echo 'Creating IHEX image: $(HEX)' $(OBJCOPY) -O ihex $< $@ @echo ' ' $(BIN) : $(ELF) @echo 'Creating binary image: $(BIN)' $(OBJCOPY) -O $< $@ @echo ' ' #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------# # memory dump - elf -> dmp #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------# $(DMP) : $(ELF) @echo 'Creating memory dump: $(DMP)' $(OBJDUMP) -x --syms $< > $@ @echo ' ' #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------# # extended listing - elf -> lss #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------# $(LSS) : $(ELF) @echo 'Creating extended listing: $(LSS)' $(OBJDUMP) -S $< > $@ @echo ' ' #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------# # print the size of the objects and the .elf file #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------# print_size : @echo 'Size of modules:' $(SIZE) -B -t --common $(OBJS) $(USER_OBJS) @echo ' ' @echo 'Size of target .elf file:' $(SIZE) -B $(ELF) @echo ' ' #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------# # create the desired output directory #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------# make_output_dir : $(shell mkdir $(OUT_DIR_F) 2>/dev/null) #=============================================================================# # make clean #=============================================================================# clean: ifeq ($(strip $(OUT_DIR_F)), ) @echo 'Removing all generated output files' else @echo 'Removing all generated output files from output directory: $(OUT_DIR_F)' endif ifneq ($(strip $(GENERATED)), ) $(RM) $(GENERATED) else @echo 'Nothing to remove...' endif #=============================================================================# # global exports #=============================================================================# .PHONY: all clean dependents .SECONDARY: # include dependancy files -include $(DEPS)

When	Who	Action	New State
2016-09-26	Thomas Preud'homme	Answer	Answered
2016-09-29	Bo Liljedahl	Confirm	Solved

GNU Arm Embedded Toolchain

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