Unstable when using pressure as a boundary source

Dear all,

  I've try to simulate the water flow into a channel with 2 piers,
and use Pressure as a source at the west boundary. but it would be easily
unstable at boundary (four sides or pier sides). Is there any other way
can help it to be much stable.

Any comment is appreciated. Thanks.

# model set
channel:
 lenth= 200 m (X direction)
 width= 25 m (Y direction)
 depth= 1 m (one layer at Z direction)
pier:
 radius=2.5 m

West boundary : constant value = 9.81 in Pressure( as 1m surface elevation)
others boundary : No normal flow

The geo and flml file contains is below

#------ pier_tsu.geo ------
// ---------------
// | |
// | O O |
// | |
// ---------------
//V=1,L=4.6, nu=0.01 Re=V*L/nu=460
// center coordinate
xc=0; yc=0; // model center
xp1=xc-6.5; yp1=yc; // south pier center 6.6
xp2=xc+6.5; yp2=yc; // north pier center 6.6
rad = 2.5; // pier radius rad = 2.1
d1s=10; // resolution at boumdary 50
d1n=10;
d2=5; // 5
d3=2; // resolution at pier
// boundary
wlen=100;
elen=100;
wid=25;
Point(1) = {xc-1*wlen, yc-0.5*wid, 0, d1s};
Point(2) = {xc-1*wlen, yc+0.5*wid, 0, d1s};
Point(3) = {xc-0.6*wlen, yc+0.5*wid, 0, d2};
Point(4) = {xc+0.6*elen, yc+0.5*wid, 0, d2};
Point(5) = {xc+1*elen, yc+0.5*wid, 0, d1n};
Point(6) = {xc+1*elen, yc-0.5*wid, 0, d1n};
Point(7) = {xc+0.6*elen, yc-0.5*wid, 0, d2};
Point(8) = {xc-0.6*wlen, yc-0.5*wid, 0, d2};

Line(1) = {1, 2};
Line(2) = {2, 3};
Line(3) = {3, 4};
Line(4) = {4, 5};
Line(5) = {5, 6};
Line(6) = {6, 7};
Line(7) = {7, 8};
Line(8) = {8, 1};

// WEST PIER
Point(9) = {xp1, yp1, 0, d3};
Point(10) = {xp1-rad, yp1, 0, d3};
Point(11) = {xp1+rad, yp1, 0, d3};
Circle(9) = {10, 9, 11};
Circle(10) = {11, 9, 10};

// EAST PIER
Point(12) = {xp2, yp2, 0, d3};
Point(13) = {xp2-rad, yp2, 0, d3};
Point(14) = {xp2+rad, yp2, 0, d3};
Circle(11) = {13, 12, 14};
Circle(12) = {14, 12, 13};

Line Loop(11) = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8}; //BOUNDARY
Line Loop(12) = {9,10}; // SOUTH PIER
Line Loop(13) = {11,12}; // NORTH PIER

Plane Surface(14) = {11,12,13};

Physical Line(1) = {1}; //E
Physical Line(2) = {2,3,4}; //S
Physical Line(3) = {5}; //W
Physical Line(4) = {6,7,8}; //N
Physical Line(5) = {9,10,11,12}; // WEST EAST PIERS
Physical Surface(6) = {14};

#------ pier_tsu.flml ------
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<fluidity_options>
  <simulation_name>
    <string_value lines="1">pier_tsu</string_value>
  </simulation_name>
  <problem_type>
    <string_value lines="1">fluids</string_value>
  </problem_type>
  <geometry>
    <dimension>
      <integer_value rank="0">3</integer_value>
    </dimension>
    <mesh name="CoordinateMesh">
      <from_mesh>
        <mesh name="InputMesh"/>
        <extrude>
          <regions name="WholeMesh">
            <bottom_depth>
              <constant>
                <real_value rank="0">1.0</real_value>
              </constant>
            </bottom_depth>
            <sizing_function>
              <sigma_layers>
                <standard>
                  <integer_value rank="0">1</integer_value>
                </standard>
              </sigma_layers>
            </sizing_function>
            <top_surface_id>
              <integer_value rank="0">101</integer_value>
            </top_surface_id>
            <bottom_surface_id>
              <integer_value rank="0">102</integer_value>
            </bottom_surface_id>
          </regions>
        </extrude>
        <stat>
          <include_in_stat/>
        </stat>
      </from_mesh>
    </mesh>
    <mesh name="VelocityMesh">
      <from_mesh>
        <mesh name="CoordinateMesh"/>
        <stat>
          <exclude_from_stat/>
        </stat>
      </from_mesh>
    </mesh>
    <mesh name="PressureMesh">
      <from_mesh>
        <mesh name="CoordinateMesh"/>
        <stat>
          <exclude_from_stat/>
        </stat>
      </from_mesh>
    </mesh>
    <mesh name="InputMesh">
      <from_file file_name="pier_tsu">
        <format name="triangle"/>
        <stat>
          <exclude_from_stat/>
        </stat>
      </from_file>
    </mesh>
    <quadrature>
      <degree>
        <integer_value rank="0">8</integer_value>
        <comment>8</comment>
      </degree>
      <surface_degree>
        <integer_value rank="0">8</integer_value>
        <comment>8</comment>
      </surface_degree>
    </quadrature>
    <ocean_boundaries>
      <top_surface_ids>
        <integer_value shape="1" rank="1">101</integer_value>
      </top_surface_ids>
      <bottom_surface_ids>
        <integer_value shape="1" rank="1">102</integer_value>
      </bottom_surface_ids>
      <scalar_field name="DistanceToTop" rank="0">
        <diagnostic>
          <algorithm name="Internal" material_phase_support="multiple"/>
          <mesh name="CoordinateMesh"/>
          <output/>
          <stat/>
          <convergence>
            <include_in_convergence/>
          </convergence>
          <detectors>
            <include_in_detectors/>
          </detectors>
          <steady_state>
            <include_in_steady_state/>
          </steady_state>
        </diagnostic>
      </scalar_field>
      <scalar_field name="DistanceToBottom" rank="0">
        <diagnostic>
          <algorithm name="Internal" material_phase_support="multiple"/>
          <mesh name="CoordinateMesh"/>
          <output>
            <exclude_from_vtu/>
          </output>
          <stat/>
          <convergence>
            <include_in_convergence/>
          </convergence>
          <detectors>
            <include_in_detectors/>
          </detectors>
          <steady_state>
            <include_in_steady_state/>
          </steady_state>
        </diagnostic>
      </scalar_field>
    </ocean_boundaries>
  </geometry>
  <io>
    <dump_format>
      <string_value>vtk</string_value>
    </dump_format>
    <dump_period>
      <constant>
        <real_value rank="0">5</real_value>
      </constant>
    </dump_period>
    <output_mesh name="VelocityMesh"/>
    <stat/>
  </io>
  <timestepping>
    <current_time>
      <real_value rank="0">0.0</real_value>
      <time_units date="seconds since 1987-01-05 00:00.0"/>
    </current_time>
    <timestep>
      <real_value rank="0">0.5</real_value>
    </timestep>
    <finish_time>
      <real_value rank="0">600.0</real_value>
    </finish_time>
    <nonlinear_iterations>
      <integer_value rank="0">4</integer_value>
    </nonlinear_iterations>
    <adaptive_timestep>
      <requested_cfl>
        <real_value rank="0">2</real_value>
      </requested_cfl>
      <courant_number name="CFLNumber">
        <mesh name="VelocityMesh"/>
      </courant_number>
      <minimum_timestep>
        <terminate_if_reached/>
        <real_value rank="0">2e-5</real_value>
      </minimum_timestep>
      <maximum_timestep>
        <real_value rank="0">0.1</real_value>
      </maximum_timestep>
    </adaptive_timestep>
  </timestepping>
  <physical_parameters>
    <gravity>
      <magnitude>
        <real_value rank="0">9.81</real_value>
      </magnitude>
      <vector_field name="GravityDirection" rank="1">
        <prescribed>
          <mesh name="CoordinateMesh"/>
          <value name="gravity">
            <constant>
              <real_value shape="3" dim1="dim" rank="1">0 0 -1</real_value>
            </constant>
          </value>
          <output>
            <exclude_from_vtu/>
          </output>
          <stat>
            <include_in_stat/>
          </stat>
          <detectors>
            <exclude_from_detectors/>
          </detectors>
        </prescribed>
      </vector_field>
    </gravity>
  </physical_parameters>
  <material_phase name="Fields">
    <equation_of_state>
      <fluids>
        <linear>
          <reference_density>
            <real_value rank="0">1.0</real_value>
          </reference_density>
          <subtract_out_hydrostatic_level/>
        </linear>
      </fluids>
    </equation_of_state>
    <scalar_field name="Pressure" rank="0">
      <prognostic>
        <mesh name="PressureMesh"/>
        <spatial_discretisation>
          <continuous_galerkin>
            <integrate_continuity_by_parts/>
          </continuous_galerkin>
        </spatial_discretisation>
        <scheme>
          <poisson_pressure_solution>
            <string_value lines="1">never</string_value>
          </poisson_pressure_solution>
          <use_projection_method/>
          <update_discretised_equation/>
        </scheme>
        <solver>
          <iterative_method name="cg"/>
          <preconditioner name="mg">
            <vertical_lumping>
              <internal_smoother/>
            </vertical_lumping>
          </preconditioner>
          <relative_error>
            <real_value rank="0">1.0e-7</real_value>
          </relative_error>
          <absolute_error>
            <real_value rank="0">0.0</real_value>
          </absolute_error>
          <max_iterations>
            <integer_value rank="0">3000</integer_value>
          </max_iterations>
          <never_ignore_solver_failures/>
          <diagnostics>
            <monitors/>
          </diagnostics>
        </solver>
        <boundary_conditions name="W_Source">
          <surface_ids>
            <integer_value shape="1" rank="1">1</integer_value>
          </surface_ids>
          <type name="dirichlet">
            <constant>
              <real_value rank="0">9.81</real_value>
              <comment>def val(X,t):
  from math import cosh
  amp=0.5
  depth=75.0
  g=9.81
  theta=((3.0*amp)/(4.0*depth**3))**0.5
  ce=(g*(depth+amp))**0.5
  waveperiod=2.0*(3.8+amp/depth)/(theta*ce)
  timelag=0.6*waveperiod
  eta=amp/cosh(theta*ce*(timelag-t))**2
  return eta*g</comment>
            </constant>
          </type>
        </boundary_conditions>
        <output/>
        <stat/>
        <convergence>
          <include_in_convergence/>
        </convergence>
        <detectors>
          <exclude_from_detectors/>
        </detectors>
        <steady_state>
          <exclude_from_steady_state/>
        </steady_state>
        <consistent_interpolation/>
      </prognostic>
    </scalar_field>
    <scalar_field name="Density" rank="0">
      <diagnostic>
        <algorithm name="Internal" material_phase_support="multiple"/>
        <mesh name="VelocityMesh"/>
        <output/>
        <stat/>
        <convergence>
          <include_in_convergence/>
        </convergence>
        <detectors>
          <include_in_detectors/>
        </detectors>
        <steady_state>
          <include_in_steady_state/>
        </steady_state>
      </diagnostic>
    </scalar_field>
    <vector_field name="Velocity" rank="1">
      <prognostic>
        <mesh name="VelocityMesh"/>
        <equation name="Boussinesq"/>
        <spatial_discretisation>
          <continuous_galerkin>
            <stabilisation>
              <no_stabilisation/>
            </stabilisation>
            <mass_terms>
              <lump_mass_matrix/>
            </mass_terms>
            <advection_terms/>
            <stress_terms>
              <tensor_form/>
            </stress_terms>
          </continuous_galerkin>
          <conservative_advection>
            <real_value rank="0">0.0</real_value>
          </conservative_advection>
        </spatial_discretisation>
        <temporal_discretisation>
          <theta>
            <real_value rank="0">1</real_value>
          </theta>
          <relaxation>
            <real_value rank="0">1</real_value>
          </relaxation>
          <theta_divergence>
            <real_value rank="0">0.5</real_value>
          </theta_divergence>
        </temporal_discretisation>
        <solver>
          <iterative_method name="gmres">
            <restart>
              <integer_value rank="0">1000</integer_value>
            </restart>
          </iterative_method>
          <preconditioner name="sor"/>
          <relative_error>
            <real_value rank="0">1.0e-7</real_value>
          </relative_error>
          <absolute_error>
            <real_value rank="0">0</real_value>
          </absolute_error>
          <max_iterations>
            <integer_value rank="0">10000</integer_value>
          </max_iterations>
          <never_ignore_solver_failures/>
          <diagnostics>
            <monitors/>
          </diagnostics>
        </solver>
        <initial_condition name="WholeMesh">
          <constant>
            <real_value shape="3" dim1="dim" rank="1">0.0 0.0 0.0</real_value>
          </constant>
        </initial_condition>
        <boundary_conditions name="T_FreeSurface">
          <surface_ids>
            <integer_value shape="1" rank="1">101</integer_value>
          </surface_ids>
          <type name="free_surface"/>
        </boundary_conditions>
        <boundary_conditions name="S_E_N_P_B_NoNormalFlow">
          <surface_ids>
            <integer_value shape="4" rank="1">2 4 5 102</integer_value>
          </surface_ids>
          <type name="no_normal_flow"/>
        </boundary_conditions>
        <boundary_conditions name="B_drag">
          <surface_ids>
            <integer_value shape="1" rank="1">102</integer_value>
          </surface_ids>
          <type name="drag">
            <constant>
              <real_value rank="0">2.5e-3</real_value>
            </constant>
            <quadratic_drag/>
          </type>
        </boundary_conditions>
        <tensor_field name="Viscosity" rank="2">
          <prescribed>
            <value name="WholeMesh">
              <anisotropic_symmetric>
                <constant>
                  <real_value symmetric="true" dim2="dim" shape="3 3" dim1="dim" rank="2">1e-3 1e-3 1e-3 1e-3 1e-3 1e-3 1e-3 1e-3 1e-3</real_value>
                </constant>
              </anisotropic_symmetric>
            </value>
            <output/>
          </prescribed>
        </tensor_field>
        <output/>
        <stat>
          <include_in_stat/>
          <previous_time_step>
            <exclude_from_stat/>
          </previous_time_step>
          <nonlinear_field>
            <exclude_from_stat/>
          </nonlinear_field>
        </stat>
        <convergence>
          <include_in_convergence/>
        </convergence>
        <detectors>
          <include_in_detectors/>
        </detectors>
        <steady_state>
          <include_in_steady_state/>
        </steady_state>
        <consistent_interpolation/>
      </prognostic>
    </vector_field>
    <scalar_field name="FreeSurface" rank="0">
      <diagnostic>
        <algorithm name="Internal" material_phase_support="multiple"/>
        <mesh name="PressureMesh"/>
        <output/>
        <stat/>
        <convergence>
          <include_in_convergence/>
        </convergence>
        <detectors>
          <include_in_detectors/>
        </detectors>
        <steady_state>
          <exclude_from_steady_state/>
        </steady_state>
      </diagnostic>
    </scalar_field>
  </material_phase>
</fluidity_options>

海嘯預警及海嘯溢淹潛勢圖製作系統

 預警系統以及海嘯溢淹潛勢圖的製作是海嘯防災的重點。
 本系統之海嘯預警採用互逆格林函數法，又以智利海嘯與東日本大海嘯進行驗證；
 溢淹潛勢圖使用不同波高的特定波形進行海嘯溢淹模擬，並以Google Earth作為海嘯溢淹潛勢圖的展示平臺。
 詳細內容參見 Guan-Yu Chen, Chin-Chu Liu, and Cheng-Chung Yao, 2014, A Forecast System for Offshore Water Surface Elevation With Inundation Map Integrated for Tsunami Early Warning, IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, doi: 10.1109/JOE.2013.2295948.

Umlauf_2003_A generic length-scale equation for geophysical turbulence models

F:\POM2010\pom2kliu\pomliu2\terrain\etopo2_global.mat.

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寄件者： Samuel Parkinson (<email address hidden>)
寄件日期： 2014年1月9日 上午 09:35:56
收件者： liu chin chi (<email address hidden>)
That is definitely a possibility. K- epsilon is not implemented for a DG velocity field.
I would suggest using p1p1 for velocity and pressure, p1 CV is a good choice for all other fields.
Sam

Hi Sam,
When using no slip boundary, it would blow up more quickly.
would it also caused by the element pair choice.( I taked "P1DGP2")
appreciate your patience

Liu

Hi Sam,

I make a mistake of using a drag boundary instead of no slip boundary.
I'm re-running the case now and would post the result letter.
Sorry to be confusing.

Liu

Hi Jon,
When the K-E be turned off, the model would be stable after 15 second.

Hi Sam,
I've tested slip and no slip on the pier(Both used no slip on the bottom),
and Both get unstable at about 9 second.

I'll try to modify the diffusion, viscosity and a higher resolution next.

thanks your comments.

Liu

any comment appreciated. thanks.

EXODUS-2

dear all,
i've try to simulate a local scour around a pier with sediment model build in FLUIDITY.

subgridscale parameterisations/kepsilon is be used and kepsilon boundary is be applied to bottom and pier sides.but the "TurbulentDissipation" around the pier surface would increase greatly with time.

I've try to turn off sediment model, or modify the grid resolution and background viscosity but still
can't let "TurbulentDissipation" stable.

any comment is appreciated. thanks.

# box set
Length:0.36 m
Width:0.36 m
Height:0.07 m
radius(pier):0.03 m

# velocity boundary
west : a constant velocity 0.2 m/s (inlet)
east : zero-gradient boundary conditions (outlet)
south and north : free slide wall
top : free surface
bottom : no normal flow and drag
pier : no normal flow

the geo and flml content is attached below.

# --- pier_scour.geo ---
rad = 0.03; //0.03
d1=0.03; //0.03
d3=0.01; //0.01
len=0.36; //0.36
wid=0.36; //0.36
Point(1) = {-0.5*len, -0.5*wid, 0, d1};
Point(2) = { 0.5*len, -0.5*wid, 0, d1};
Point(3) = { 0.5*len, 0.5*wid, 0, d1};
Point(4) = {-0.5*len, 0.5*wid, 0, d1};

Line(1) = {1, 2};
Line(2) = {2, 3};
Line(3) = {3, 4};
Line(4) = {4, 1};

Point(5) = {0, 0, 0, d3};
Point(6) = {0, 0+rad, 0, d3};
Point(7) = {0+rad, 0, 0, d3};
Point(8) = {0, 0-rad, 0, d3};
Point(9) = {0-rad, 0, 0, d3};

Circle(5) = {6, 5, 7};
Circle(6) = {7, 5, 8};
Circle(7) = {8, 5, 9};
Circle(8) = {9, 5, 6};

Line Loop(13) = {1,2,3,4};
Line Loop(14) = {5,6,7,8};

Plane Surface(15) = {13,14};
//Plane Surface(8) = {13};

Physical Line(7) = {1}; //S
Physical Line(8) = {2}; //E
Physical Line(9) = {3}; //N
Physical Line(10) = {4}; //W
Physical Line(11) = {5,6,7,8}; //pier
Physical Surface(12) = {15};

# --- pier_scour.flml ---
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<fluidity_options>
    <simulation_name>
        <string_value lines="1">pier_scour</string_value>
    </simulation_name>
    <problem_type>
        <string_value lines="1">fluids</string_value>
    </problem_type>
    <geometry>
        <dimension>
            <integer_value rank="0">3</integer_value>
        </dimension>
        <mesh name="CoordinateMesh">
            <from_mesh>
                <mesh name="BaseMesh"></mesh>
                <mesh_shape>
                    <polynomial_degree>
                        <integer_value rank="0">1</integer_value>
                    </polynomial_degree>
                </mesh_shape>
                <stat>
                    <include_in_stat></include_in_stat>
                </stat>
            </from_mesh>
        </mesh>
        <mesh name="VelocityMesh">
            <from_mesh>
                <mesh name="BaseMesh"></mesh>
                <mesh_shape>
                    <polynomial_degree>
                        <integer_value rank="0">1</integer_value>
                    </polynomial_degree>
                </mesh_shape>
                <mesh_continuity>
                    <string_value>discontinuous</string_value>
                </mesh_continuity>
                <stat>
                    <exclude_from_stat></exclude_from_stat>
                </stat>
            </from_mesh>
        </mesh>
        <mesh name="PressureMesh">
            <from_mesh>
                <mesh name="BaseMesh"></mesh>
                <mesh_shape>
                    <polynomial_degree>
                        <integer_value rank="0">2</integer_value>
                    </polynomial_degree>
                </mesh_shape>
                <stat>
                    <exclude_from_stat></exclude_from_stat>
                </stat>
            </from_mesh>
        </mesh>
        <mesh name="InputMesh">
            <from_file file_name="pier_scour_flredecomp_InputMesh">
                <format name="triangle"></format>
                <stat>
                    <exclude_from_stat></exclude_from_stat>
                </stat>
            </from_file>
        </mesh>
        <mesh name="BaseMesh">
            <from_mesh>
                <mesh name="InputMesh"></mesh>
                <extrude>
                    <regions name="WholeMesh">
                        <bottom_depth>
                            <constant>
                                <real_value rank="0">0.07</real_value>
                                <comment>0.07</comment>
                            </constant>
                        </bottom_depth>
                        <sizing_function>
                            <constant>
                                <real_value rank="0">0.01</real_value>
                            </constant>
                        </sizing_function>
                        <top_surface_id>
                            <integer_value rank="0">307</integer_value>
                        </top_surface_id>
                        <bottom_surface_id>
                            <integer_value rank="0">308</integer_value>
                        </bottom_surface_id>
                    </regions>
                </extrude>
                <stat>
                    <include_in_stat></include_in_stat>
                </stat>
            </from_mesh>
        </mesh>
        <quadrature>
            <degree>
                <integer_value rank="0">4</integer_value>
                <comment>4</comment>
            </degree>
        </quadrature>
        <ocean_boundaries>
            <top_surface_ids>
                <integer_value rank="1" shape="1">307</integer_value>
            </top_surface_ids>
            <bottom_surface_ids>
                <integer_value rank="1" shape="1">308</integer_value>
            </bottom_surface_ids>
            <scalar_field name="DistanceToTop" rank="0">
                <diagnostic>
                    <algorithm name="Internal" material_phase_support="multiple"></algorithm>
                    <mesh name="CoordinateMesh"></mesh>
                    <output></output>
                    <stat></stat>
                    <convergence>
                        <include_in_convergence></include_in_convergence>
                    </convergence>
                    <detectors>
                        <include_in_detectors></include_in_detectors>
                    </detectors>
                    <steady_state>
                        <include_in_steady_state></include_in_steady_state>
                    </steady_state>
                </diagnostic>
            </scalar_field>
            <scalar_field name="DistanceToBottom" rank="0">
                <diagnostic>
                    <algorithm name="Internal" material_phase_support="multiple"></algorithm>
                    <mesh name="CoordinateMesh"></mesh>
                    <output>
                        <exclude_from_vtu></exclude_from_vtu>
                    </output>
                    <stat></stat>
                    <convergence>
                        <include_in_convergence></include_in_convergence>
                    </convergence>
                    <detectors>
                        <include_in_detectors></include_in_detectors>
                    </detectors>
                    <steady_state>
                        <include_in_steady_state></include_in_steady_state>
                    </steady_state>
                </diagnostic>
            </scalar_field>
        </ocean_boundaries>
    </geometry>
    <io>
        <dump_format>
            <string_value>vtk</string_value>
        </dump_format>
        <dump_period>
            <python>
                <string_value lines="20" type="code" language="python">def val(t):&#x0A; if t&lt;2.5:&#x0A; return 0.25&#x0A; elif t&lt;20:&#x0A; return 1.0&#x0A; else:&#x0A; return 5.0</string_value>
            </python>
        </dump_period>
        <output_mesh name="VelocityMesh"></output_mesh>
        <checkpointing>
            <checkpoint_period_in_dumps>
                <integer_value rank="0">100</integer_value>
            </checkpoint_period_in_dumps>
            <checkpoint_at_end></checkpoint_at_end>
        </checkpointing>
        <stat></stat>
    </io>
    <timestepping>
        <current_time>
            <real_value rank="0">0</real_value>
            <time_units date="seconds since 1987-01-05 00:00.0"></time_units>
        </current_time>
        <timestep>
            <real_value rank="0">0.005</real_value>
        </timestep>
        <finish_time>
            <real_value rank="0">7200</real_value>
        </finish_time>
        <nonlinear_iterations>
            <integer_value rank="0">2</integer_value>
        </nonlinear_iterations>
    </timestepping>
    <physical_parameters>
        <gravity>
            <magnitude>
                <real_value rank="0">9.81</real_value>
            </magnitude>
            <vector_field name="GravityDirection" rank="1">
                <prescribed>
                    <mesh name="CoordinateMesh"></mesh>
                    <value name="gravity">
                        <constant>
                            <real_value rank="1" shape="3" dim1="dim">0 0 -1</real_value>
                        </constant>
                    </value>
                    <output>
                        <exclude_from_vtu></exclude_from_vtu>
                    </output>
                    <stat>
                        <include_in_stat></include_in_stat>
                    </stat>
                    <detectors>
                        <exclude_from_detectors></exclude_from_detectors>
                    </detectors>
                </prescribed>
            </vector_field>
        </gravity>
    </physical_parameters>
    <material_phase name="Fields">
        <equation_of_state>
            <fluids>
                <linear>
                    <reference_density>
                        <real_value rank="0">1</real_value>
                    </reference_density>
                    <subtract_out_hydrostatic_level></subtract_out_hydrostatic_level>
                </linear>
            </fluids>
        </equation_of_state>
        <subgridscale_parameterisations>
            <k-epsilon>
                <scalar_field name="TurbulentKineticEnergy" rank="0">
                    <prognostic>
                        <mesh name="VelocityMesh"></mesh>
                        <equation name="AdvectionDiffusion"></equation>
                        <spatial_discretisation>
                            <control_volumes>
                                <face_value name="FiniteElement">
                                    <limit_face_value>
                                        <limiter name="Sweby">
                                            <project_upwind_value_from_point>
                                                <store_upwind_elements>
                                                    <store_upwind_quadrature></store_upwind_quadrature>
                                                </store_upwind_elements>
                                            </project_upwind_value_from_point>
                                        </limiter>
                                    </limit_face_value>
                                </face_value>
                                <diffusion_scheme name="ElementGradient"></diffusion_scheme>
                            </control_volumes>
                            <conservative_advection>
                                <real_value rank="0">0</real_value>
                            </conservative_advection>
                        </spatial_discretisation>
                        <temporal_discretisation>
                            <theta>
                                <real_value rank="0">0.5</real_value>
                            </theta>
                            <control_volumes>
                                <number_advection_iterations>
                                    <integer_value rank="0">3</integer_value>
                                </number_advection_iterations>
                            </control_volumes>
                        </temporal_discretisation>
                        <solver>
                            <iterative_method name="gmres">
                                <restart>
                                    <integer_value rank="0">30</integer_value>
                                </restart>
                            </iterative_method>
                            <preconditioner name="sor"></preconditioner>
                            <relative_error>
                                <real_value rank="0">1e-07</real_value>
                            </relative_error>
                            <max_iterations>
                                <integer_value rank="0">6001</integer_value>
                            </max_iterations>
                            <never_ignore_solver_failures></never_ignore_solver_failures>
                            <diagnostics>
                                <monitors></monitors>
                            </diagnostics>
                        </solver>
                        <initial_condition name="WholeMesh">
                            <constant>
                                <real_value rank="0">0</real_value>
                            </constant>
                        </initial_condition>
                        <boundary_conditions name="P_B_k_eps">
                            <surface_ids>
                                <integer_value rank="1" shape="2">11 308</integer_value>
                            </surface_ids>
                            <type name="k_epsilon">
                                <string_value>low_Re</string_value>
                            </type>
                        </boundary_conditions>
                        <tensor_field name="Diffusivity" rank="2">
                            <diagnostic>
                                <algorithm name="Internal" material_phase_support="multiple"></algorithm>
                                <output></output>
                                <stat>
                                    <include_in_stat></include_in_stat>
                                </stat>
                            </diagnostic>
                        </tensor_field>
                        <scalar_field name="Source" rank="0">
                            <diagnostic>
                                <algorithm name="Internal" material_phase_support="multiple"></algorithm>
                                <output></output>
                                <stat></stat>
                                <detectors>
                                    <include_in_detectors></include_in_detectors>
                                </detectors>
                            </diagnostic>
                        </scalar_field>
                        <scalar_field name="Absorption" rank="0">
                            <diagnostic>
                                <algorithm name="Internal" material_phase_support="multiple"></algorithm>
                                <output></output>
                                <stat></stat>
                                <detectors>
                                    <include_in_detectors></include_in_detectors>
                                </detectors>
                            </diagnostic>
                        </scalar_field>
                        <output></output>
                        <stat></stat>
                        <convergence>
                            <include_in_convergence></include_in_convergence>
                        </convergence>
                        <detectors>
                            <include_in_detectors></include_in_detectors>
                        </detectors>
                        <steady_state>
                            <include_in_steady_state></include_in_steady_state>
                        </steady_state>
                        <consistent_interpolation></consistent_interpolation>
                    </prognostic>
                </scalar_field>
                <scalar_field name="TurbulentDissipation" rank="0">
                    <prognostic>
                        <mesh name="VelocityMesh"></mesh>
                        <equation name="AdvectionDiffusion"></equation>
                        <spatial_discretisation>
                            <control_volumes>
                                <face_value name="FiniteElement">
                                    <limit_face_value>
                                        <limiter name="Sweby">
                                            <project_upwind_value_from_point>
                                                <store_upwind_elements>
                                                    <store_upwind_quadrature></store_upwind_quadrature>
                                                </store_upwind_elements>
                                            </project_upwind_value_from_point>
                                        </limiter>
                                    </limit_face_value>
                                </face_value>
                                <diffusion_scheme name="ElementGradient"></diffusion_scheme>
                            </control_volumes>
                            <conservative_advection>
                                <real_value rank="0">0</real_value>
                            </conservative_advection>
                        </spatial_discretisation>
                        <temporal_discretisation>
                            <theta>
                                <real_value rank="0">0.5</real_value>
                            </theta>
                            <control_volumes>
                                <number_advection_iterations>
                                    <integer_value rank="0">3</integer_value>
                                </number_advection_iterations>
                            </control_volumes>
                        </temporal_discretisation>
                        <solver>
                            <iterative_method name="gmres">
                                <restart>
                                    <integer_value rank="0">30</integer_value>
                                </restart>
                            </iterative_method>
                            <preconditioner name="sor"></preconditioner>
                            <relative_error>
                                <real_value rank="0">1e-07</real_value>
                            </relative_error>
                            <max_iterations>
                                <integer_value rank="0">6002</integer_value>
                            </max_iterations>
                            <never_ignore_solver_failures></never_ignore_solver_failures>
                            <diagnostics>
                                <monitors></monitors>
                            </diagnostics>
                        </solver>
                        <initial_condition name="WholeMesh">
                            <constant>
                                <real_value rank="0">0</real_value>
                            </constant>
                        </initial_condition>
                        <boundary_conditions name="P_B_kepsilon">
                            <surface_ids>
                                <integer_value rank="1" shape="2">11 308</integer_value>
                            </surface_ids>
                            <type name="k_epsilon">
                                <string_value>low_Re</string_value>
                            </type>
                        </boundary_conditions>
                        <tensor_field name="Diffusivity" rank="2">
                            <diagnostic>
                                <algorithm name="Internal" material_phase_support="multiple"></algorithm>
                                <output></output>
                                <stat>
                                    <include_in_stat></include_in_stat>
                                </stat>
                            </diagnostic>
                        </tensor_field>
                        <scalar_field name="Source" rank="0">
                            <diagnostic>
                                <algorithm name="Internal" material_phase_support="multiple"></algorithm>
                                <output></output>
                                <stat></stat>
                                <detectors>
                                    <include_in_detectors></include_in_detectors>
                                </detectors>
                            </diagnostic>
                        </scalar_field>
                        <scalar_field name="Absorption" rank="0">
                            <diagnostic>
                                <algorithm name="Internal" material_phase_support="multiple"></algorithm>
                                <output></output>
                                <stat></stat>
                                <detectors>
                                    <include_in_detectors></include_in_detectors>
                                </detectors>
                            </diagnostic>
                        </scalar_field>
                        <output></output>
                        <stat></stat>
                        <convergence>
                            <include_in_convergence></include_in_convergence>
                        </convergence>
                        <detectors>
                            <include_in_detectors></include_in_detectors>
                        </detectors>
                        <steady_state>
                            <include_in_steady_state></include_in_steady_state>
                        </steady_state>
                        <consistent_interpolation></consistent_interpolation>
                    </prognostic>
                </scalar_field>
                <tensor_field name="BackgroundViscosity" rank="2">
                    <prescribed>
                        <mesh name="VelocityMesh"></mesh>
                        <value name="WholeMesh">
                            <anisotropic_symmetric>
                                <constant>
                                    <real_value rank="2" shape="3 3" symmetric="true" dim2="dim" dim1="dim">0.012 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.012</real_value>
                                </constant>
                            </anisotropic_symmetric>
                        </value>
                        <output></output>
                    </prescribed>
                </tensor_field>
                <tensor_field name="EddyViscosity" rank="2">
                    <diagnostic>
                        <algorithm name="Internal" material_phase_support="multiple"></algorithm>
                        <mesh name="VelocityMesh"></mesh>
                        <output></output>
                        <stat>
                            <include_in_stat></include_in_stat>
                        </stat>
                    </diagnostic>
                </tensor_field>
                <scalar_field name="ScalarEddyViscosity" rank="0">
                    <diagnostic>
                        <algorithm name="Internal" material_phase_support="multiple"></algorithm>
                        <mesh name="VelocityMesh"></mesh>
                        <output></output>
                        <stat></stat>
                        <convergence>
                            <include_in_convergence></include_in_convergence>
                        </convergence>
                        <detectors>
                            <include_in_detectors></include_in_detectors>
                        </detectors>
                        <steady_state>
                            <include_in_steady_state></include_in_steady_state>
                        </steady_state>
                    </diagnostic>
                </scalar_field>
                <scalar_field name="LengthScale" rank="0">
                    <diagnostic>
                        <algorithm name="Internal" material_phase_support="multiple"></algorithm>
                        <mesh name="VelocityMesh"></mesh>
                        <output></output>
                        <stat></stat>
                        <convergence>
                            <include_in_convergence></include_in_convergence>
                        </convergence>
                        <detectors>
                            <include_in_detectors></include_in_detectors>
                        </detectors>
                        <steady_state>
                            <include_in_steady_state></include_in_steady_state>
                        </steady_state>
                    </diagnostic>
                </scalar_field>
                <scalar_field name="f_1" rank="0">
                    <diagnostic>
                        <algorithm name="Internal" material_phase_support="multiple"></algorithm>
                        <mesh name="VelocityMesh"></mesh>
                        <output></output>
                        <stat></stat>
                        <convergence>
                            <include_in_convergence></include_in_convergence>
                        </convergence>
                        <detectors>
                            <include_in_detectors></include_in_detectors>
                        </detectors>
                        <steady_state>
                            <include_in_steady_state></include_in_steady_state>
                        </steady_state>
                    </diagnostic>
                </scalar_field>
                <scalar_field name="f_2" rank="0">
                    <diagnostic>
                        <algorithm name="Internal" material_phase_support="multiple"></algorithm>
                        <mesh name="VelocityMesh"></mesh>
                        <output></output>
                        <stat></stat>
                        <convergence>
                            <include_in_convergence></include_in_convergence>
                        </convergence>
                        <detectors>
                            <include_in_detectors></include_in_detectors>
                        </detectors>
                        <steady_state>
                            <include_in_steady_state></include_in_steady_state>
                        </steady_state>
                    </diagnostic>
                </scalar_field>
                <scalar_field name="f_mu" rank="0">
                    <diagnostic>
                        <algorithm name="Internal" material_phase_support="multiple"></algorithm>
                        <mesh name="VelocityMesh"></mesh>
                        <output></output>
                        <stat></stat>
                        <convergence>
                            <include_in_convergence></include_in_convergence>
                        </convergence>
                        <detectors>
                            <include_in_detectors></include_in_detectors>
                        </detectors>
                        <steady_state>
                            <include_in_steady_state></include_in_steady_state>
                        </steady_state>
                    </diagnostic>
                </scalar_field>
                <max_damping_value>
                    <real_value rank="0">10</real_value>
                </max_damping_value>
                <scalar_field name="DistanceToWall" rank="0">
                    <prescribed>
                        <mesh name="VelocityMesh"></mesh>
                        <value name="WholeMesh">
                            <python>
                                <string_value lines="20" type="code" language="python">def val(X,t):&#x0D;&#x0A; xc=0.0 # x at circile center &#x0D;&#x0A; yc=0.0 # y at circile center &#x0A; rad=0.03 # radius 0.03&#x0A; dep=0.07 # depth 0.07&#x0D;&#x0A; val=((X[0]-xc)**2+(X[1]-yc)**2)**0.5 - rad&#x0A;# if more close to bottom &#x0D;&#x0A; if val&gt;(dep+X[2]): &#x0A; val=dep+X[2]&#x0A; if val&lt;0:&#x0A; val=0&#x0A; &#x0A; return val</string_value>
                            </python>
                        </value>
                        <output></output>
                        <stat></stat>
                        <detectors>
                            <exclude_from_detectors></exclude_from_detectors>
                        </detectors>
                    </prescribed>
                </scalar_field>
                <C_mu>
                    <real_value rank="0">0.09</real_value>
                </C_mu>
                <C_eps_1>
                    <real_value rank="0">1.44</real_value>
                </C_eps_1>
                <C_eps_2>
                    <real_value rank="0">1.92</real_value>
                </C_eps_2>
                <sigma_k>
                    <real_value rank="0">1</real_value>
                </sigma_k>
                <sigma_eps>
                    <real_value rank="0">1.3</real_value>
                </sigma_eps>
                <sigma_p>
                    <real_value rank="0">1</real_value>
                </sigma_p>
                <time_discretisation>
                    <theta>
                        <real_value rank="0">0.5</real_value>
                    </theta>
                    <source_term_implementation>
                        <production_term>source</production_term>
                        <destruction_term>absorbtion</destruction_term>
                        <buoyancy_term>source</buoyancy_term>
                    </source_term_implementation>
                </time_discretisation>
                <mass_terms>
                    <lump_mass></lump_mass>
                </mass_terms>
            </k-epsilon>
        </subgridscale_parameterisations>
        <scalar_field name="Pressure" rank="0">
            <prognostic>
                <mesh name="PressureMesh"></mesh>
                <spatial_discretisation>
                    <continuous_galerkin>
                        <remove_stabilisation_term></remove_stabilisation_term>
                        <integrate_continuity_by_parts></integrate_continuity_by_parts>
                    </continuous_galerkin>
                </spatial_discretisation>
                <scheme>
                    <poisson_pressure_solution>
                        <string_value lines="1">never</string_value>
                    </poisson_pressure_solution>
                    <use_projection_method></use_projection_method>
                </scheme>
                <solver>
                    <iterative_method name="cg"></iterative_method>
                    <preconditioner name="mg">
                        <vertical_lumping></vertical_lumping>
                    </preconditioner>
                    <relative_error>
                        <real_value rank="0">1e-07</real_value>
                    </relative_error>
                    <max_iterations>
                        <integer_value rank="0">3000</integer_value>
                    </max_iterations>
                    <never_ignore_solver_failures></never_ignore_solver_failures>
                    <diagnostics>
                        <monitors></monitors>
                    </diagnostics>
                </solver>
                <output></output>
                <stat></stat>
                <convergence>
                    <include_in_convergence></include_in_convergence>
                </convergence>
                <detectors>
                    <exclude_from_detectors></exclude_from_detectors>
                </detectors>
                <steady_state>
                    <include_in_steady_state></include_in_steady_state>
                </steady_state>
                <consistent_interpolation></consistent_interpolation>
            </prognostic>
        </scalar_field>
        <vector_field name="Velocity" rank="1">
            <prognostic>
                <mesh name="VelocityMesh"></mesh>
                <equation name="Boussinesq"></equation>
                <spatial_discretisation>
                    <discontinuous_galerkin>
                        <viscosity_scheme>
                            <compact_discontinuous_galerkin></compact_discontinuous_galerkin>
                            <tensor_form></tensor_form>
                        </viscosity_scheme>
                        <advection_scheme>
                            <upwind></upwind>
                            <project_velocity_to_continuous>
                                <mesh name="CoordinateMesh"></mesh>
                            </project_velocity_to_continuous>
                            <integrate_advection_by_parts>
                                <twice></twice>
                            </integrate_advection_by_parts>
                        </advection_scheme>
                    </discontinuous_galerkin>
                    <conservative_advection>
                        <real_value rank="0">0</real_value>
                    </conservative_advection>
                </spatial_discretisation>
                <temporal_discretisation>
                    <theta>
                        <real_value rank="0">1</real_value>
                    </theta>
                    <relaxation>
                        <real_value rank="0">1</real_value>
                    </relaxation>
                    <discontinuous_galerkin>
                        <maximum_courant_number_per_subcycle>
                            <real_value rank="0">0.1</real_value>
                        </maximum_courant_number_per_subcycle>
                    </discontinuous_galerkin>
                </temporal_discretisation>
                <solver>
                    <iterative_method name="gmres">
                        <restart>
                            <integer_value rank="0">30</integer_value>
                        </restart>
                    </iterative_method>
                    <preconditioner name="sor"></preconditioner>
                    <relative_error>
                        <real_value rank="0">1e-07</real_value>
                    </relative_error>
                    <max_iterations>
                        <integer_value rank="0">10000</integer_value>
                    </max_iterations>
                    <never_ignore_solver_failures></never_ignore_solver_failures>
                    <diagnostics>
                        <monitors></monitors>
                    </diagnostics>
                </solver>
                <initial_condition name="WholeMesh">
                    <constant>
                        <real_value rank="1" shape="3" dim1="dim">0 0 0</real_value>
                    </constant>
                </initial_condition>
                <boundary_conditions name="B_drag">
                    <surface_ids>
                        <integer_value rank="1" shape="1">308</integer_value>
                    </surface_ids>
                    <type name="drag">
                        <constant>
                            <real_value rank="0">0.0025</real_value>
                            <comment>0.0025</comment>
                        </constant>
                        <quadratic_drag></quadratic_drag>
                    </type>
                </boundary_conditions>
                <boundary_conditions name="T_FreeSurface">
                    <surface_ids>
                        <integer_value rank="1" shape="1">307</integer_value>
                    </surface_ids>
                    <type name="free_surface"></type>
                </boundary_conditions>
                <boundary_conditions name="P_B_NoNormalFlow">
                    <surface_ids>
                        <integer_value rank="1" shape="2">11 308</integer_value>
                    </surface_ids>
                    <type name="no_normal_flow"></type>
                </boundary_conditions>
                <boundary_conditions name="W_const_Vel">
                    <surface_ids>
                        <integer_value rank="1" shape="1">10</integer_value>
                    </surface_ids>
                    <type name="dirichlet">
                        <apply_weakly></apply_weakly>
                        <align_bc_with_cartesian>
                            <x_component>
                                <constant>
                                    <real_value rank="0">0.2</real_value>
                                    <comment>def val(X,t):&#x0A; amp=0.5&#x0A; if (t&lt;10):&#x0A; val=amp*t/10&#x0A; else:&#x0A; val=amp&#x0A;&#x0A; return val</comment>
                                </constant>
                            </x_component>
                        </align_bc_with_cartesian>
                    </type>
                </boundary_conditions>
                <boundary_conditions name="S_N_FREESLIP">
                    <surface_ids>
                        <integer_value rank="1" shape="2">7 9</integer_value>
                    </surface_ids>
                    <type name="dirichlet">
                        <apply_weakly></apply_weakly>
                        <align_bc_with_cartesian>
                            <y_component>
                                <constant>
                                    <real_value rank="0">0</real_value>
                                </constant>
                            </y_component>
                        </align_bc_with_cartesian>
                    </type>
                </boundary_conditions>
                <tensor_field name="Viscosity" rank="2">
                    <diagnostic>
                        <algorithm name="Internal" material_phase_support="multiple"></algorithm>
                        <output></output>
                        <stat>
                            <include_in_stat></include_in_stat>
                        </stat>
                    </diagnostic>
                </tensor_field>
                <vertical_stabilization>
                    <implicit_buoyancy></implicit_buoyancy>
                </vertical_stabilization>
                <output></output>
                <stat>
                    <include_in_stat></include_in_stat>
                    <previous_time_step>
                        <exclude_from_stat></exclude_from_stat>
                    </previous_time_step>
                    <nonlinear_field>
                        <exclude_from_stat></exclude_from_stat>
                    </nonlinear_field>
                </stat>
                <convergence>
                    <include_in_convergence></include_in_convergence>
                </convergence>
                <detectors>
                    <include_in_detectors></include_in_detectors>
                </detectors>
                <steady_state>
                    <include_in_steady_state></include_in_steady_state>
                </steady_state>
                <consistent_interpolation></consistent_interpolation>
            </prognostic>
        </vector_field>
        <scalar_field name="FreeSurface" rank="0">
            <diagnostic>
                <algorithm name="Internal" material_phase_support="multiple"></algorithm>
                <mesh name="PressureMesh"></mesh>
                <output></output>
                <stat></stat>
                <convergence>
                    <include_in_convergence></include_in_convergence>
                </convergence>
                <detectors>
                    <include_in_detectors></include_in_detectors>
                </detectors>
                <steady_state>
                    <include_in_steady_state></include_in_steady_state>
                </steady_state>
            </diagnostic>
        </scalar_field>
        <scalar_field name="DG_CourantNumber" rank="0">
            <diagnostic>
                <algorithm name="Internal" material_phase_support="multiple"></algorithm>
                <mesh name="VelocityMesh"></mesh>
                <output>
                    <exclude_from_vtu></exclude_from_vtu>
                </output>
                <stat></stat>
                <convergence>
                    <include_in_convergence></include_in_convergence>
                </convergence>
                <detectors>
                    <include_in_detectors></include_in_detectors>
                </detectors>
                <steady_state>
                    <include_in_steady_state></include_in_steady_state>
                </steady_state>
            </diagnostic>
        </scalar_field>
        <vector_field name="BedShearStress" rank="1">
            <diagnostic>
                <algorithm name="Internal" material_phase_support="multiple"></algorithm>
                <mesh name="VelocityMesh"></mesh>
                <density>
                    <real_value rank="0">1000</real_value>
                </density>
                <calculation_method>
                    <drag_coefficient>
                        <real_value rank="0">0.0025</real_value>
                        <comment>2.5e-3</comment>
                    </drag_coefficient>
                </calculation_method>
                <output></output>
                <stat>
                    <include_in_stat></include_in_stat>
                </stat>
                <detectors>
                    <include_in_detectors></include_in_detectors>
                </detectors>
            </diagnostic>
        </vector_field>
        <sediment>
            <scalar_field name="sed1" rank="0">
                <prognostic>
                    <mesh name="VelocityMesh"></mesh>
                    <equation name="AdvectionDiffusion"></equation>
                    <spatial_discretisation>
                        <control_volumes>
                            <face_value name="FiniteElement">
                                <limit_face_value>
                                    <limiter name="Sweby">
                                        <project_upwind_value_from_point>
                                            <store_upwind_elements>
                                                <store_upwind_quadrature></store_upwind_quadrature>
                                            </store_upwind_elements>
                                        </project_upwind_value_from_point>
                                    </limiter>
                                </limit_face_value>
                            </face_value>
                            <diffusion_scheme name="ElementGradient"></diffusion_scheme>
                        </control_volumes>
                        <conservative_advection>
                            <real_value rank="0">0</real_value>
                        </conservative_advection>
                    </spatial_discretisation>
                    <temporal_discretisation>
                        <theta>
                            <real_value rank="0">0.5</real_value>
                        </theta>
                        <control_volumes>
                            <number_advection_iterations>
                                <integer_value rank="0">3</integer_value>
                            </number_advection_iterations>
                            <limit_theta></limit_theta>
                        </control_volumes>
                    </temporal_discretisation>
                    <solver>
                        <iterative_method name="gmres">
                            <restart>
                                <integer_value rank="0">30</integer_value>
                            </restart>
                        </iterative_method>
                        <preconditioner name="sor"></preconditioner>
                        <relative_error>
                            <real_value rank="0">1e-07</real_value>
                        </relative_error>
                        <max_iterations>
                            <integer_value rank="0">2000</integer_value>
                        </max_iterations>
                        <never_ignore_solver_failures></never_ignore_solver_failures>
                        <diagnostics>
                            <monitors></monitors>
                        </diagnostics>
                    </solver>
                    <initial_condition name="WholeMesh">
                        <constant>
                            <real_value rank="0">0</real_value>
                        </constant>
                    </initial_condition>
                    <boundary_conditions name="B_sed_re">
                        <surface_ids>
                            <integer_value rank="1" shape="1">308</integer_value>
                        </surface_ids>
                        <type name="sediment_reentrainment">
                            <algorithm>Garcia_1991</algorithm>
                        </type>
                    </boundary_conditions>
                    <boundary_conditions name="ZeroFlux_S_N_W_P_T">
                        <surface_ids>
                            <integer_value rank="1" shape="5">7 9 10 11 307</integer_value>
                        </surface_ids>
                        <type name="zero_flux"></type>
                    </boundary_conditions>
                    <boundary_conditions name="E_Neum">
                        <surface_ids>
                            <integer_value rank="1" shape="1">8</integer_value>
                        </surface_ids>
                        <type name="neumann">
                            <constant>
                                <real_value rank="0">0</real_value>
                            </constant>
                        </type>
                    </boundary_conditions>
                    <tensor_field name="Diffusivity" rank="2">
                        <prescribed>
                            <value name="WholeMesh">
                                <isotropic>
                                    <constant>
                                        <real_value rank="0">1e-10</real_value>
                                    </constant>
                                </isotropic>
                            </value>
                            <output></output>
                        </prescribed>
                    </tensor_field>
                    <scalar_field name="SinkingVelocity" rank="0">
                        <diagnostic>
                            <mesh name="VelocityMesh"></mesh>
                            <algorithm name="Internal" material_phase_support="multiple"></algorithm>
                            <output></output>
                            <stat></stat>
                            <detectors>
                                <include_in_detectors></include_in_detectors>
                            </detectors>
                        </diagnostic>
                    </scalar_field>
                    <output></output>
                    <stat></stat>
                    <convergence>
                        <include_in_convergence></include_in_convergence>
                    </convergence>
                    <detectors>
                        <include_in_detectors></include_in_detectors>
                    </detectors>
                    <steady_state>
                        <include_in_steady_state></include_in_steady_state>
                    </steady_state>
                    <consistent_interpolation></consistent_interpolation>
                    <scalar_field name="Bedload" rank="0">
                        <prognostic>
                            <surface_ids>
                                <integer_value rank="1" shape="1">308</integer_value>
                            </surface_ids>
                            <equation name="SedimentBedload"></equation>
                            <spatial_discretisation>
                                <control_volumes>
                                    <face_value name="FiniteElement">
                                        <limit_face_value>
                                            <limiter name="Sweby">
                                                <project_upwind_value_from_point>
                                                    <store_upwind_elements>
                                                        <store_upwind_quadrature></store_upwind_quadrature>
                                                    </store_upwind_elements>
                                                </project_upwind_value_from_point>
                                            </limiter>
                                        </limit_face_value>
                                    </face_value>
                                    <diffusion_scheme name="ElementGradient"></diffusion_scheme>
                                </control_volumes>
                                <conservative_advection>
                                    <real_value rank="0">0</real_value>
                                </conservative_advection>
                            </spatial_discretisation>
                            <temporal_discretisation>
                                <theta>
                                    <real_value rank="0">0.5</real_value>
                                </theta>
                                <control_volumes>
                                    <number_advection_iterations>
                                        <integer_value rank="0">3</integer_value>
                                    </number_advection_iterations>
                                    <limit_theta></limit_theta>
                                </control_volumes>
                            </temporal_discretisation>
                            <solver>
                                <iterative_method name="gmres">
                                    <restart>
                                        <integer_value rank="0">30</integer_value>
                                    </restart>
                                </iterative_method>
                                <preconditioner name="sor"></preconditioner>
                                <relative_error>
                                    <real_value rank="0">1e-07</real_value>
                                </relative_error>
                                <max_iterations>
                                    <integer_value rank="0">1000</integer_value>
                                </max_iterations>
                                <never_ignore_solver_failures></never_ignore_solver_failures>
                                <diagnostics>
                                    <monitors></monitors>
                                </diagnostics>
                            </solver>
                            <initial_condition name="WholeMesh">
                                <constant>
                                    <real_value rank="0">0.04</real_value>
                                </constant>
                            </initial_condition>
                            <output></output>
                            <stat></stat>
                            <convergence>
                                <include_in_convergence></include_in_convergence>
                            </convergence>
                            <detectors>
                                <include_in_detectors></include_in_detectors>
                            </detectors>
                            <steady_state>
                                <include_in_steady_state></include_in_steady_state>
                            </steady_state>
                            <consistent_interpolation></consistent_interpolation>
                        </prognostic>
                    </scalar_field>
                    <scalar_field name="BedloadVolumeFraction" rank="0">
                        <diagnostic>
                            <output>
                                <exclude_from_vtu></exclude_from_vtu>
                            </output>
                            <stat></stat>
                            <convergence>
                                <include_in_convergence></include_in_convergence>
                            </convergence>
                            <detectors>
                                <include_in_detectors></include_in_detectors>
                            </detectors>
                            <steady_state>
                                <include_in_steady_state></include_in_steady_state>
                            </steady_state>
                        </diagnostic>
                    </scalar_field>
                    <scalar_field name="BedloadDepositRate" rank="0">
                        <diagnostic>
                            <output></output>
                            <stat></stat>
                            <convergence>
                                <include_in_convergence></include_in_convergence>
                            </convergence>
                            <detectors>
                                <include_in_detectors></include_in_detectors>
                            </detectors>
                            <steady_state>
                                <include_in_steady_state></include_in_steady_state>
                            </steady_state>
                        </diagnostic>
                    </scalar_field>
                    <scalar_field name="BedloadErosionRate" rank="0">
                        <diagnostic>
                            <output></output>
                            <stat></stat>
                            <convergence>
                                <include_in_convergence></include_in_convergence>
                            </convergence>
                            <detectors>
                                <include_in_detectors></include_in_detectors>
                            </detectors>
                            <steady_state>
                                <include_in_steady_state></include_in_steady_state>
                            </steady_state>
                        </diagnostic>
                    </scalar_field>
                    <scalar_field name="UnhinderedSinkingVelocity" rank="0">
                        <prescribed>
                            <mesh name="VelocityMesh"></mesh>
                            <value name="WholeMesh">
                                <constant>
                                    <real_value rank="0">0.0133</real_value>
                                    <comment>0.014</comment>
                                </constant>
                            </value>
                            <output>
                                <exclude_from_vtu></exclude_from_vtu>
                            </output>
                            <stat></stat>
                            <detectors>
                                <exclude_from_detectors></exclude_from_detectors>
                            </detectors>
                        </prescribed>
                    </scalar_field>
                    <submerged_specific_gravity>
                        <real_value rank="0">1.69</real_value>
                        <comment>1.65</comment>
                    </submerged_specific_gravity>
                    <diameter>
                        <real_value rank="0">0.00107</real_value>
                        <comment>0.000125</comment>
                    </diameter>
                    <bed_porosity>
                        <real_value rank="0">0.3</real_value>
                    </bed_porosity>
                    <erodability>
                        <real_value rank="0">1</real_value>
                    </erodability>
                </prognostic>
            </scalar_field>
            <scalar_field name="SedimentBedActiveLayerD50" rank="0">
                <diagnostic>
                    <surface_ids>
                        <integer_value rank="1" shape="1">308</integer_value>
                    </surface_ids>
                    <algorithm name="Internal" material_phase_support="multiple"></algorithm>
                    <mesh name="VelocityMesh"></mesh>
                    <output>
                        <exclude_from_vtu></exclude_from_vtu>
                    </output>
                    <stat></stat>
                    <convergence>
                        <include_in_convergence></include_in_convergence>
                    </convergence>
                    <detectors>
                        <include_in_detectors></include_in_detectors>
                    </detectors>
                    <steady_state>
                        <include_in_steady_state></include_in_steady_state>
                    </steady_state>
                </diagnostic>
            </scalar_field>
            <scalar_field name="SedimentBedActiveLayerSigma" rank="0">
                <diagnostic>
                    <surface_ids>
                        <integer_value rank="1" shape="1">308</integer_value>
                    </surface_ids>
                    <algorithm name="Internal" material_phase_support="multiple"></algorithm>
                    <mesh name="VelocityMesh"></mesh>
                    <output>
                        <exclude_from_vtu></exclude_from_vtu>
                    </output>
                    <stat></stat>
                    <convergence>
                        <include_in_convergence></include_in_convergence>
                    </convergence>
                    <detectors>
                        <include_in_detectors></include_in_detectors>
                    </detectors>
                    <steady_state>
                        <include_in_steady_state></include_in_steady_state>
                    </steady_state>
                </diagnostic>
            </scalar_field>
            <tensor_field name="ZeroSedimentConcentrationViscosity" rank="2">
                <prescribed>
                    <mesh name="VelocityMesh"></mesh>
                    <value name="WholeMesh">
                        <isotropic>
                            <constant>
                                <real_value rank="0">0.001</real_value>
                            </constant>
                        </isotropic>
                    </value>
                    <output></output>
                </prescribed>
            </tensor_field>
        </sediment>
    </material_phase>
</fluidity_options>