Chapter 35. Updating and Upgrading Samba
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## Chapter 35. Updating and Upgrading Samba

### Jelmer R. Vernooij

The Samba Team

`<jelmer@samba.org>`

### John H. Terpstra

Samba Team

`<jht@samba.org>`

### Gerald (Jerry) Carter

Samba Team

`<jerry@samba.org>`

August 16, 2007

This chapter provides a detailed record of changes made during the 3.x series releases. At this time this series consists of the 3.0.x series that is under the GNU GPL version 2 license, and the Samba 3.2.x series that is being released under the terms of the GNU GPL version 3 license.

## Key Update Requirements

Samba is a fluid product in which there may be significant changes between releases. Some of these changes are brought about as a result of changes in the protocols that are used by Microsoft Windows network clients as a result of security or functionality updates through official Microsoft patches and updates. Samba must track such changes, particularly where they affect the internal operation of Samba itself.

Please refer to any notes below that make explicit mention of the version of Samba you are using. In general, all changes that apply to a new release will apply to follow-on releases also. For example, changes to Samba 3.0.23 affect all releases up to an including 3.0.25 and later. Samba 3.2.x was originaly cut from Samba 3.0.25 before 3.2.0-specific changes were applied. Unless a 3.0.x series feature is specifically revoked, the behavior of the 3.2.x series can be expected to follow the earlier pattern.

### Upgrading from Samba-3.0.x to Samba-3.2.0

### Upgrading from Samba-2.x to Samba-3.0.25

This chapter deals exclusively with the differences between Samba-3.0.25 and Samba-2.2.8a. It points out where configuration parameters have changed, and provides a simple guide for the move from 2.2.x to 3.0.25.

### Quick Migration Guide

Samba-3.0.25 default behavior should be approximately the same as Samba-2.2.x. The default behavior when the new parameter passdb backend is not defined in the `smb.conf` file provides the same default behavior as Samba-2.2.x with encrypt passwords = Yes and will use the `smbpasswd` database.

So why say that behavior should be approximately the same as Samba-2.2.x? Because Samba-3.0.25 can negotiate new protocols, such as support for native Unicode, that may result in differing protocol code paths being taken. The new behavior under such circumstances is not exactly the same as the old one. The good news is that the domain and machine SIDs will be preserved across the upgrade.

If the Samba-2.2.x system is using an LDAP backend, and there is no time to update the LDAP database, then make sure that passdb backend = ldapsam_compat is specified in the `smb.conf` file. For the rest, behavior should remain more or less the same. At a later date, when there is time to implement a new Samba-3-compatible LDAP backend, it is possible to migrate the old LDAP database to the new one through use of the `pdbedit`. See The pdbedit Command.

## New Features in Samba-3.x Series

### New Features in Samba-3.2.x Series

Samba is now distributed under the version 3 of the new GNU General Public License.

The major new features are:

1. Removal of the 1024 byte limit on pathnames and 256 byte limit on filename components to honor the MAX_PATH setting from the host OS.

2. Introduction of a registry based configuration system.

3. Experimental support for file serving clusters.

4. Support for IPv6 in the server, and client tools and libraries.

5. Support for storing alternate data streams in xattrs.

6. Encrypted SMB transport in client tools and libraries, and server.

7. Support for Vista clients authenticating via Kerberos.

8. Full support for Windows 2003 cross-forest, transitive trusts and one-way domain trusts.

9. Support for userPrincipalName logons via pam_winbind and NSS lookups.

10. Support for Active Directory LDAP Signing policy.

11. New LGPL Winbind client library (libwbclient.so).

12. Support for establishing interdomain trust relationships with Windows 2008.

13. New client and server support for remotely joining and unjoining Domains.

14. Support for joining into Windows 2008 domains.

Plus lots of other improvements!

### New Features in Samba-3.0.x

The major new features are:

1. Active Directory support. This release is able to join an ADS realm as a member server and authenticate users using LDAP/Kerberos.

2. Unicode support. Samba will now negotiate Unicode on the wire, and internally there is a much better infrastructure for multibyte and Unicode character sets.

3. New authentication system. The internal authentication system has been almost completely rewritten. Most of the changes are internal, but the new authoring system is also very configurable.

4. New filename mangling system. The filename mangling system has been completely rewritten. An internal database now stores mangling maps persistently.

5. New “net” command. A new “net” command has been added. It is somewhat similar to the “net” command in Windows. Eventually, we plan to replace a bunch of other utilities (such as smbpasswd) with subcommands in “net”.

6. Samba now negotiates NT-style status32 codes on the wire. This considerably improves error handling.

7. Better Windows 200x/XP printing support, including publishing printer attributes in Active Directory.

8. New loadable RPC modules for passdb backends and character sets.

9. New default dual-daemon winbindd support for better performance.

10. Support for migrating from a Windows NT 4.0 domain to a Samba domain and maintaining user, group, and domain SIDs.

11. Support for establishing trust relationships with Windows NT 4.0 domain controllers.

12. Initial support for a distributed Winbind architecture using an LDAP directory for storing SID to UID/GID mappings.

13. Major updates to the Samba documentation tree.

14. Full support for client and server SMB signing to ensure compatibility with default Windows 2003 security settings.

Plus lots of other improvements!

#### Configuration Parameter Changes

This section contains a brief listing of changes to `smb.conf` options since the Samba-2.2.x series up to and including Samba-3.0.25.

Please refer to the smb.conf(5) man page for complete descriptions of new or modified parameters.

Whenever a Samba update or upgrade is performed it is highly recommended to read the file called WHATSNEW.txt that is part of the Samba distribution tarball. This file may also be obtain on-line from the Samba web site, in the right column, under Current Stable Release, by clicking on Release Notes.

#### Removed Parameters

In alphabetical order, these are the parameters eliminated from Samba-2.2.x through 3.0.25.

- admin log

- alternate permissions

- character set

- client codepage

- code page directory

- coding system

- domain admin group

- domain guest group

- enable rid algorithm

- enable svcctl

- force unknown acl user

- hosts equiv

- ldap filter

- min password length

- nt smb support

- post script

- printer admin

- printer driver

- printer driver file

- printer driver location

- read size

- source environment

- status

- strip dot

- total print jobs

- unicode

- use rhosts

- valid chars

- vfs options

- winbind enable local accounts

- winbind max idle children

- wins partners

#### New Parameters

The following new parameters have been released up to and including Samba 3.0.25 (grouped by function:)

Remote Management

- abort shutdown script

- shutdown script

User and Group Account Management

- add group script

- add machine script

- add user to group script

- algorithmic rid base

- delete group script

- delete user from group script

- passdb backend

- rename user script

- set primary group script

- username map script

Authentication

- auth methods

- ldap password sync

- passdb expand explicit

- realm

Protocol Options

- add port command

- afs token lifetime

- client lanman auth

- client NTLMv2 auth

- client schannel

- client signing

- client use spnego

- defer sharing violations

- disable netbios

- dmapi support

- enable privileges

- use kerberos keytab

- log nt token command

- ntlm auth

- paranoid server security

- sendfile

- server schannel

- server signing

- smb ports

- svcctl list

- use spnego

File Service

- allocation roundup size

- acl check permissions

- acl group control

- acl map full control

- aio read size

- aio write size

- dfree cache time

- dfree command

- ea support

- enable asu support

- fam change notify

- force unknown acl user

- get quota command

- hide special files

- hide unwriteable files

- inherit owner

- hostname lookups

- kernel change notify

- mangle prefix

- map acl inherit

- map read only

- max stat cache size

- msdfs proxy

- open files database hash size

- set quota command

- store dos attributes

- use sendfile

- usershare allow guests

- usershare max shares

- usershare owner only

- usershare path

- usershare prefix allow list

- usershare prefix deny list

- usershare template share

- vfs objects

Printing

- cups options

- cups server

- force printername

- iprint server

- max reported print jobs

- printcap cache time

Unicode and Character Sets

- display charset

- dos charset

- UNIX charset

SID to UID/GID Mappings

- idmap backend

- idmap gid

- idmap uid

- username map script

- winbind nss info

- winbind offline logon

- winbind refresh tickets

- winbind trusted domains only

- template primary group

LDAP

- ldap delete dn

- ldap group suffix

- ldap idmap suffix

- ldap machine suffix

- ldap passwd sync

- ldap replication sleep

- ldap timeout

- ldap user suffix

General Configuration

- eventlog list

- preload modules

- reset on zero vc

- privatedir

#### Modified Parameters (Changes in Behavior)

- acl group control (new default is No, deprecated parameter)

- change notify timeout (scope changed)

- dos filemode (disabled by default)

- dos filetimes (enabled by default)

- enable asu support (disabled by default)

- enable privileges (enabled by default)

- encrypt passwords (enabled by default)

- host msdfs (enabled by default)

- mangling method (set to hash2 by default)

- map to guest

- only user (deprecated)

- passwd chat

- passwd program

- password server

- restrict anonymous (integer value)

- security (new ads value)

- strict locking (auto by default)

- winbind cache time (increased to 5 minutes)

- winbind enum groups (disabled by default)

- winbind enum users (disabled by default)

- winbind nested groups (enabled by default)

- winbind uid (deprecated in favor of idmap uid)

- winbind gid (deprecated in favor of idmap gid)

- winbindd nss info

- write cache (deprecated)

### New Functionality

The major changes in behavior since that Samba-2.2.x series are documented in this section. Please refer to the `WHATSNEW.txt` file that ships with every release of Samba to obtain detailed information regarding the changes that have been made during the life of the current Samba release.

#### TDB Data Files

Refer to Installation, Chapter 1, Chapter 1 for information pertaining to the Samba-3 data files, their location and the information that must be preserved across server migrations, updates and upgrades.

Please remember to back up your existing ${lock directory}/*tdb before upgrading to Samba-3. If necessary, Samba will upgrade databases as they are opened. Downgrading from Samba-3 to 2.2, or reversion to an earlier version of Samba-3 from a later release, is an unsupported path.

The old Samba-2.2.x tdb files are described in the next table.

Table 35.1. Samba-2.2.x TDB File Descriptions

Name | Description | Backup?
--- | --- | ---
account_policy | User policy settings | yes
brlock | Byte-range file locking information. | no
connections | Client connection information | no
locking | Temporary file locking data. | no
messages | Temporary storage of messages being processed by smbd. | no
ntdrivers | Stores per-printer driver information. | yes
ntforms | Stores per-printer forms information. | yes
ntprinters | Stores the per-printer devmode configuration settings. | yes
printing/*.tdb | Cached output from lpq command created on a per-print-service basis. | no
registry | Read-only Samba registry skeleton that provides support for exporting various database tables via the winreg RPCs. | no
sessionid | Temporary cache for miscellaneous session information. | no
share_info | Share ACL settings. | yes
unexpected | Packets received for which no process was listening. | no
winbindd_cache | Cache of identity information received from an NT4 or an ADS domain. | yes
winbindd_idmap | New ID map table from SIDS to UNIX UIDs/GIDs. | yes

#### Changes in Behavior

The following issues are known changes in behavior between Samba-2.2 and Samba-3 that may affect certain installations of Samba.

1. When operating as a member of a Windows domain, Samba-2.2 would map any users authenticated by the remote DC to the “guest account” if a UID could not be obtained via the getpwnam() call. Samba-3 rejects the connection with the error message “NT_STATUS_LOGON_FAILURE.” There is no current workaround to re-establish the Samba-2.2 behavior.

2. When adding machines to a Samba-2.2 controlled domain, the “add user script” was used to create the UNIX identity of the machine trust account. Samba-3 introduces a new “add machine script” that must be specified for this purpose. Samba-3 will not fall back to using the “add user script” in the absence of an “add machine script”.

#### Passdb Backends and Authentication

There have been a few new changes that Samba administrators should be aware of when moving to Samba-3.

1. Encrypted passwords have been enabled by default in order to interoperate better with out-of-the-box Windows client installations. This does mean that either (a) a Samba account must be created for each user, or (b) “encrypt passwords = no” must be explicitly defined in `smb.conf`.

2. Inclusion of new security = ads option for integration with an Active Directory domain using the native Windows Kerberos 5 and LDAP protocols.

Samba-3 also includes the possibility of setting up chains of authentication methods (auth methods) and account storage backends (passdb backend). Please refer to the `smb.conf` man page and Account Information Databases, for details. While both parameters assume sane default values, it is likely that you will need to understand what the values actually mean in order to ensure Samba operates correctly.

Certain functions of the `smbpasswd` tool have been split between the new `smbpasswd` utility, the `net` tool, and the new `pdbedit` utility. See the respective man pages for details.

#### LDAP

This section outlines the new features effecting Samba/LDAP integration.

##### New Schema

A new object class (sambaSamAccount) has been introduced to replace the old sambaAccount. This change aids in the renaming of attributes to prevent clashes with attributes from other vendors. There is a conversion script (examples/LDAP/convertSambaAccount) to modify an LDIF file to the new schema.

Example:

    		$ ldapsearch .... -LLL -b "ou=people,dc=..." > old.ldif
    		$ convertSambaAccount --sid <DOM SID> --input old.ldif --output new.ldif

The <DOM SID> can be obtained by running

    $ net getlocalsid <DOMAINNAME>

on the Samba PDC as root.

Under Samba-2.x the domain SID can be obtained by executing:

    $ smbpasswd -S <DOMAINNAME>

The old `sambaAccount` schema may still be used by specifying the `ldapsam_compat` passdb backend. However, the sambaAccount and associated attributes have been moved to the historical section of the schema file and must be uncommented before use if needed. The Samba-2.2 object class declaration for a `sambaAccount` has not changed in the Samba-3 `samba.schema` file.

Other new object classes and their uses include:

- `sambaDomain` domain information used to allocate RIDs for users and groups as necessary. The attributes are added in “ldap suffix” directory entry automatically if an idmap UID/GID range has been set and the “ldapsam” passdb backend has been selected.

- sambaGroupMapping an object representing the relationship between a posixGroup and a Windows group/SID. These entries are stored in the “ldap group suffix” and managed by the “net groupmap” command.

- `sambaUNIXIdPool` created in the “ldap idmap suffix” entry automatically and contains the next available “idmap UID” and “idmap GID”.

- `sambaIdmapEntry` object storing a mapping between a SID and a UNIX UID/GID. These objects are created by the idmap_ldap module as needed.

##### New Suffix for Searching

The following new `smb.conf` parameters have been added to aid in directing certain LDAP queries when `passdb backend = ldapsam://...` has been specified.

- ldap suffix used to search for user and computer accounts.

- ldap user suffix used to store user accounts.

- ldap machine suffix used to store machine trust accounts.

- ldap group suffix location of posixGroup/sambaGroupMapping entries.

- ldap idmap suffix location of sambaIdmapEntry objects.

If an `ldap suffix` is defined, it will be appended to all of the remaining subsuffix parameters. In this case, the order of the suffix listings in `smb.conf` is important. Always place the `ldap suffix` first in the list.

Due to a limitation in Samba's `smb.conf` parsing, you should not surround the domain names with quotation marks.

##### IdMap LDAP Support

Samba-3 supports an LDAP backend for the idmap subsystem. The following options inform Samba that the idmap table should be stored on the directory server onterose in the ou=Idmap,dc=quenya,dc=org partition.

`[global]`
...
`idmap backend = ldap:ldap://onterose/`
`ldap idmap suffix = ou=Idmap`
`idmap uid = 40000-50000`
`idmap gid = 40000-50000`

This configuration allows Winbind installations on multiple servers to share a UID/GID number space, thus avoiding the interoperability problems with NFS that were present in Samba-2.2.

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